Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) thallus: foliose (foliaceous), leaf-like | fruticose (fruticous), shrub-like, beard-like [th] upper surface: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent [th] morphol substructures (eg areoles, lobes, branches) upper surface: pseudocyphellate, with pseudocyphellae ascomata: absent secondary metabolites: present secondary metabolites: fumarprotocetraric acid | protocetraric acid | protolichesterinic acid primary photobiont: present secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent primary photobiont: chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.

substrate: soil, clay, humus, turf, detritus, dead leaves.