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Placynthiella
Family: Trapeliaceae
Placynthiella image
Andrew Khitsun
  • Greater Sonoran Desert
  • Resources
Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.
Thallus: crustose, effuse, granular-verrucose or leprose, or of isidiate-granular goniocysts or areoles, dark green-brown to black, sometimes tinged reddish or pale to chestnut brown anatomy: goniocysts or areoles with an outer layer of brown-walled pseudoparenchymatous hyphae, colorless within photobiont: primary one a chlorococcoid green alga (Chlorella, Gloeocystis), secondary one absent Ascomata: apothecial, biatorine or lecideine, red-brown to brown-black or black, +innate or appressed to sessile, often soon immarginate, without a thalline exciple exciple: composed of brown-walled, pseudoparenchymatous cells, well developed but often reflexed, C- epihymenium: dark brown hymenium: pale brown or pale yellow to colorless in thin sections, gel I+ green-blue paraphyses: coherent, gelatinized, simple to often abundantly branched but only weakly anastomosing, the tips thickened, c. 2 µm thick, irregularly +capitate, with dark brown or red-brown caps hypothecium: dark brown asci: clavate or cylindrical-clavate, K/I- or pale, even at the tip, Trapelia-type, with an apical dome I- or weakly I+ blue but with amyloid cap, with an amyloid outer wall, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, simple (rarely 1-septate), ellipsoid, often containing a single large oil drop and/or several smaller droplets Conidiomata: unknown Secondary metabolites: none detected or orcinol depsides Substrate: on nutrient-poor, acidic, lime-free substrates, particularly on humus-rich soils, peat, bark, wood, less often on rocks Geography: world-wide in temperate areas in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Macaronesia, and Australia. Notes: Placynthiella is a segregate from Lecidea, usually easily recognized by the combination of having a dark thallus and usually growing on organic substrates or acidic soils. The K/I- ascus tips and pigmented paraphyses tips distinguish Placynthiella from Micarea and Biatora. It differs from Trapelia and Trapeliopsis in having a true exciple of brown-walled pseudoparenchymatous cells and paraphyses with +capitate apices, often with a dark brown apical cap. There has long been controversy over whether the correct name for this genus is Placynthiella or Saccomorpha (see Nimis and Poelt 1987; Coppins, et al. 1987). Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg, a sorediate species from the Pacific Northwest that is otherwise similar to P. icmalea, and P. hyporhoda (Th. Fr.) Coppins & P. James are not yet known from the region. The latter species differs from all other described species in the genus in having a K+ purple (color diffusing into surrounding mount) hypothecium.
Species within checklist: Minute Man National Historical Park
Placynthiella icmalea
Image of Placynthiella icmalea
Map not
Available
Placynthiella oligotropha
Image of Placynthiella oligotropha
Map not
Available
Placynthiella uliginosa
Image of Placynthiella uliginosa
Map not
Available

 

This project made possible by National Science Foundation Awards: #1115116, #2001500, #2001394
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