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- building a Global Consortium of Bryophytes and Lichens as keystones of cryptobiotic communities -
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Cladonia
Family: Cladoniaceae
Cladonia image
Sheila Strawn
  • Greater Sonoran Desert
  • Resources
Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.
Life habit: lichenized Thallus: composed of primary (basal, horizontal) and secondary (erect) parts cortex: dense, composed of ± vertically-oriented hyphae medulla: usually 2-layered; the outer layer: white, composed of ± loose hyphae, containing algal glomerules; the inner layer: hyaline or white, cartilaginous, with conglutinate hyphae surrounding the central canal Primary thallus: composed of basal squamules, closely adpressed to the substrate, or ascending to erect, rounded to elongate, entire or variously indented, sorediate or esorediate, sometimes persistent, occasionally dominant upper surface: corticated lower surface: composed of ecorticate layer of hyphae, hyphae roughly parallel-oriented, radiating in a flabelliform pattern from the basal portio, which is generally attached to the substrate Secondary thallus: consisting of hollow to rarely solid podetia, growing from upper surface or margins of primary thallus, blunt, pointed, or cup-forming, simple or branched; branch axils: closed or perforate; perforations: occasionally enlarging (forming funnel-like structures often called "open cups") and deforming surface: variably corticate to ecorticate, generally composed of some combination of continuous cortex, cortical granules, verruculae, soredia, and squamules photobiont: primary one a Trebouxia, secondary photobiont absent Ascomata: lecideine apothecia, borne at apices of podetia, on cup rims, at branch apices, or rarely sessile on basal squamules; discs: red, pale or dark brown, darkening with age and sometimes blackening asci: cylindrical to elongate-clavate; apex: Porpidia type, with strongly amyloid (I+ blue) apical dome, including very narrow weakly amyloid central zone surrounded by a tube-like, strongly amyloid zone; wall: nonamyloid except for outer layer; 8-spored ascospores: biseriate, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, simple to rarely one-septate, hyaline, oblong or ovoid, 6-16 (-24) x 2-6 micro meter Conidiomata: pycnidial, borne at apices of podetia, on cup rims, at branch apices, or on basal squamules, infrequently arising laterally on podetia, red, brown or carbonaceous to blue-black, cylindrical to urn-like (ampullaceous), short-stalked or sessile, often constricted at base; containing hyaline or red gelatin conidia: sickle-shaped, rarely straight, hyaline, 3-10 (-14) x 0.5-1 micro meter Secondary metabolites: depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans and derivatives (incl. usnic acids), terpenoids, aliphatic acids, and quinone pigments Geography: arctic regions to Antarctica, tundra to tropical forests but widely absent from arid regions Substrate: on soil, especially acidic humus and sand, rotting wood, tree bases and trunks, mossy or bare rocks. Notes: It is characterized by punctiform pseudocyphellae on upper surface, perforate apothecia with large, ellipsoid spores, and bifusiform conidia.
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Cladonia abbatiana
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Cladonia abbreviata
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Cladonia abbreviatula
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Cladonia aberrans
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Cladonia acervata
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Cladonia acicularis
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Cladonia acuminans
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Cladonia acuminata
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Cladonia acuta
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Cladonia agariciformis
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Cladonia ahtii
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Cladonia alaskana
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Cladonia albata
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Cladonia albidula
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Cladonia albofuscescens
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Cladonia albonigra
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Cladonia aleurophylla
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Cladonia aleuropoda
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Cladonia aleuropodia
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Cladonia aliena
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Cladonia alinii
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Cladonia alpina
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Cladonia amaurocraea
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Cladonia anaemica
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Cladonia andereggii
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Cladonia andesita
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Cladonia andreggii
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Cladonia angustata
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Cladonia angustiloba
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Cladonia anitae
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Cladonia anserina
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Cladonia apoda
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Cladonia apodocarpa
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Cladonia apolepta
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Cladonia appalachiensis
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Cladonia applanata
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Cladonia arbuscula
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Cladonia archeri
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Cladonia arcuata
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Cladonia areolata
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Cladonia argentea
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Cladonia artuata
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Cladonia asahinae
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Cladonia aspera
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Cladonia athelia
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Cladonia atlantica
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Cladonia atrans
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Cladonia attacta
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Cladonia attendenda
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Cladonia attentenda
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This project made possible by National Science Foundation Awards: #1115116, #2001500, #2001394
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