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- building a Global Consortium of Bryophytes and Lichens as keystones of cryptobiotic communities -
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Graphis
Family: Graphidaceae
Graphis image
Robert Lücking
  • Greater Sonoran Desert
  • Resources
Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.
Life habit: lichenized Thallus: crustose, continuous, rimose to somewhat areolate surface: white, pale gray or cream-colored, dull, rarely pale yellow to olive-green, uneven to slightly rugose, often slightly cracked, without soralia or isidia cortex: present, mostly composed of ±periclinal hyphae medulla: white, often with large crystals photobionts: primary one a Trentepohlia green alga, secondary one absent Ascomata: apothecial, lirellate, often flexuous and branched disc: usually dark brown, slit-like or ±open, smooth, often with whitish pruina margin: excipular lips carbonized (at least apically) ±convergent, entire or striate, often (at least partly) with a thalline cover, sometimes whitish pruinose (in G. chrysocarpa with a conspicuous orange pruina), rarely completely naked exciple: carbonized (at least partially), excipular base varying from rudimentary to well developed and not carbonized or distinctly carbonized, with lateral exciple and excipular lips ±convergent, entire or with ±distinct striae due to multiple regenerations of the ascocarp hymenium: hyaline, inspersed or not, 60-300 µm tall, I-, rarely lateral parts I+ pale blue; paraphyses: parallel, tips often pale brown, weakly branched or not branched, rarely hyaline and not differentiated asci: clavate, I-, apex thickened with ±distinct ocular chamber ('Graphis-type'), 1-8-spored ascospores: hyaline, rarely pale brown (brown spores are usually degenerated), transversely septate with lenticular spore locules, submuriform or muriform, oblong with rounded ends, rarely fusiform, 15-250 x 5-50 µm, I+ blue-violet Conidiomata: pycnidial, rarely present, immersed in small thalline warts (c. 0.1 mm in diam.), with brownish ostioles conidia: oval to bacilliform, formed acrogenously, conidiophore-type II (Vobis 1980), 1.5-6 x 1 µm Secondary metabolites: none detected in most species but several ß-orcinol depsidones and/or lichexanthone found in a few species Geography: predominately tropical to subtropical with a few species extending to temperate regions Substrate: mostly on bark, rarely on rocks or other substrates (detritus or mosses). Notes: The genus Graphis is characterized by its black, ±elongate apothecia with entire or distinctly crenate to striate excipular lips and often narrow, slit-like, rarely open discs. The ascospores are hyaline, transversely septate or muriform, I+ blue-violet. Glyphis montoensis is very similar but can be separated by a different paraphyses-type (±thick-walled, with thick, jelly-like walls and brown granular tips) and open cinnamon-brown, granular discs.
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Graphis abapha
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Graphis abaphoides
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Graphis abducens
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Graphis abscripturiens
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Graphis abstracta
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Graphis acervulans
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Graphis acuminata
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Graphis adscribens
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Graphis adscripturiens
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Graphis adtenuans
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Graphis aenea
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Graphis aeola
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Graphis aequabilis
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Graphis aethiopica
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Graphis afinissima
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Graphis ajarekarii
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Graphis albidofarinacea
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Graphis albidolivens
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Graphis albidula
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Graphis albinata
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Graphis albinula
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Graphis albissima
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Graphis albocarpa
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Graphis albocinerea
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Graphis albocolpata
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Graphis alboglauca
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Graphis alboglaucescens
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Graphis albonitens
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Graphis albonotata
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Graphis alboscripta
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Graphis albosporella
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Graphis albostriata
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Graphis albotecta
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Graphis allorosporella
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Graphis alpestris
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Graphis altamirensis
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Graphis altelii
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Graphis ambrizensis
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Graphis analoga
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Graphis anfractuosa
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Graphis angolensis
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Graphis anguilliformis
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Graphis anguilliradians
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Graphis anguina
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Graphis anguinaeformis
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Graphis angulata
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Graphis angusta
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Graphis angustata
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Graphis annulata
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Graphis antillarum
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This project made possible by National Science Foundation Awards: #1115116, #2001500, #2001394
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