Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.

Life habit: non-lichenized, saprobic or rarely lichenized Thallus: crustose, mostly immersed within the substrate, inconspicuous, causing a slight bleaching effect of the substrate photobiont: absent or a trentepohlioid alga Ascomata: perithecial, circular or irregular in outline, often aggregated in pseudostromata involucrellum: dark brown, overlying the locules, K-, clypeate, composed of compacted hyphae mixed with bark cells; outer and lower edges of locules without a distinct true exciple ascomatal wall: black, not continuous below the hamathecium hamathecium: branched, short-celled, ± moniliform pseudoparaphyses, not anastomosing, or only pseudoparenchymatous tissue, often disintegrating at maturity, non-amyloid asci: bitunicate, globose to pyriform, with tholus, non-amyloid, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, ellipsoid to clavate, transversely 3-5-septate to submuriform with eusepta, 10-18 x 4.5-7µm; walls: not ornamented Conidiomata: unknown Secondary metabolites: none detected Geography: mostly temperate Substrate: on bark, but also on non-calcareous rock. Notes: The genus is characterized by the globose to pyriform asci and the absence of filamentous hamathecium. Most taxa have multilocular ascomata.