Global occurrence: Africa (incl Madagascar) | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – South and Central America | Arctic.  Substrate: bark, cork, plant surface – trunks, branches, twigs.  Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified | placodioid-crustose, placodioid-foliose; [th] upper surface: grey(ish) | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | red(dish) brown (if pale: orange brown); [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (median) 0.5; ascoma: immersed, innate | subsessile, subimmersed, adnate, semi-immersed, emergent; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: plane, flat, flattened, expanded; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: black(ish) | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon); [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: hyaline, colourless; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present; [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: red(dish) brown (pale: orange brown).  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: amyloid with widening axial body towards the apex (= Lecanora-, Parmelia-, Rinodina-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] shape: ellipsoidal; [asp] length [µm]: (low) 15.0 (high) 18.0; [asp] width [µm]: (low) 7.0 (high) 9.0; [asp] septa: present; [asp] septa: transversely septate; [asp] transversal septa: (median) 1.0; [asp] pigmentation: pale brown | medium brown, brownish | dark brown; [asp] perispore, epispore: ornamented, rough, warted, striate, cracked.  Secondary metabolites: absent.  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.