Life habit: lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts) thallus: subfruticose (subfruticous), fruticulose, dactyliform [th] upper surface: black(ish) brown [th upper surface]: epruinose [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent ascomata: absent | present ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial asci: lecanoralean [asc] tholus: thickened [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: amyloid with widening axial body towards the apex (= Lecanora-, Parmelia-, Rinodina-types etc) secondary metabolites: absent primary photobiont: present secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent primary photobiont: chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.

substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic.