Hypotrachyna pseudonepalensis(Hale & M. Wirth) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch
Family: Parmeliaceae
[Cetrariastrum pseudonepalense (Hale & M. Wirth) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., moreEverniastrum pseudonepalense (Hale & M. Wirth) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia pseudonepalensis Hale & M. Wirth]
Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1.
Thallus: robust, foliose to subcaespitose, very loosely adnate, up to 8 (exceptionally to 12) cm across, dichotomously or subdichotomously lobate lobes: (1-) 2-4 (-6) mm broad, subinvolute to flat; apices: ciliate; cilia: frequent, up to 3 mm long, simple or branched upper surface: pale and inconspicuously white-stippled; not sorediate or isidiate lower surface: black, brown-colored at the tips of the lobes, densely to very sparsely rhizinate; rhizines: to 1 mm long, simple or branched Apothecia: common, up to 8 (-14) mm diam., the largest ones perforate asci: clavate, 8-spored ascospores: ellipsoid to slightly reniform, 16-21 (-23) x 7-10 µm Pycnidia: abundant, 0.2-0.3 mm broad conidia: bacilliform, straight, 5-8 x 1 µm Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow then turning dark red, C-, P+ orange to orange-red Secondary metabolites: cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (minor), norstictic acid (minor or accessory) and a fatty acid. Substrate and ecology: on trees (Quercus, Alnus and Pinus) World distribution: Mexico and Hawaii Sonoran distribution: Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua. Notes: Based on presence or absence of rhizines there is potential confusion with E. neocirrhatum, but E. pseudonepalense usually has trace quantities of protocetraric acid (not in E. neochirrhatum). Although norstictic acid may be found in both species, it is major in E. neocirrhatum and minor or accessory in E. pseudonepalense. Furthermore, the minor acids also help to differentiate E. pseudonepalense with norstictic acid from E. cirrhatum with galbinic acid.