Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.
Life habit: fungicolous, incl. lichenicolous, commensalistic or parasitic, non-lichenized Ascomata: perithecial, single or in small groups, generally not conspicuously stromatic, superficial or partly immersed, generally less than 250 µm in diam., white to pale yellow, orange or pale brown, rarely violet or purple, K- ascomatal wall: usually of a single region of small, thin-walled cells paraphyses: absent at maturity periphyses: present asci: cylindrical to clavate, unitunicate, without any visible apical structure or with an indistinct minute refractive apical ring, thin-walled ascospores: hyaline, transversally septate, smooth or verruculose, fusiform or ellipsoid, without gelatinous sheaths or appendages Anamorph: Acremonium-like, Gliocladium, Rhopalocladium or Verticillium Geography: cosmopolitan Substrate: thallus of lichens, non-lichenized fungi and myxomycetes.