Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1. p.121 (Canomaculina leucosemotheta)

Original description of Canomaculina leucosemotheta:  

Thallus: adnate to loosely adnate, foliose, 3-20 cm in diam., lobate lobes: subirregular, elongate, slightly imbricate, plane, separate, 10-15 mm wide; apices: rotund, becoming dentate-lacinate with age, ciliate; cilia: sparse, simple, up to 2.5 mm long upper surface: gray with some blackened areas, smooth, shiny, sometimes white pruinose, strongly white maculate, frequently reticulately cracked with age soredia: granular, common, in linear, submarginal, soralia; isidia and pustulae: absent medulla: white with continuous algal layer lower surface: black with brown to mottled white naked zone peripherally, centrally rhizinate, rhizines scattered, simple Apothecia: very rare, substipitate, up to 6 mm in diam.; margin: sorediate; disc: imperforate asci: clavate, 8-spored ascospores: ellipsoid, 12-16 x 7-10 µm Pycnidia: not seen.

Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning deep red, C-, KC-, P+ orange.

Secondary metabolites: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acids (minor).

Substrate and ecology: usually on trees in open habitats, rarely on rocks

World distribution: neotropics from Mexico to northern Argentina and southern Africa. Sonoran distribution: Sinaloa, in the Sierra Madre Occidental.

Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2002. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 1. p. 450 (Rimelia reticulata)

Original description of Rimelia reticulata:: Thallus: foliose, loosely adnate, 4-20 cm in diam., lobate; lobes: subirregular, elongate, slightly imbricate, plane, separate, 4-15 mm wide; margin: deeply crenate; apices: rotund, sometimes subascending, ciliate; cilia: sparse, simple, up to 3 mm long; upper surface: pale gray to gray-green, smooth, dull, strongly reticulate maculate; soredia: common,powdery to subpustular, laminal or marginal, in linear to orbicular soralia that are often subcapitate, or spreading and becoming somewhat diffuse; isidia, pustulae and dactyls absent; medulla: white with continuous algal layer; lower surface: black with narrow brown to rarely white, papillate zone peripherally, centrally rhizinate; rhizines scattered to dense, mostly simple (to squarrose), black; Apothecia: rare, submarginal, substipitate, up to 8 mm in diam.; margin:thick, thalline, entire to crenulate, sorediate; disc: perforate, brown to dark brown, concave; ascospores: simple, hyaline, ellipsoid, 12-18 x 8-11 µm; Pycnidia: rare, punctiform; conidia: filiform, 12-16 x 1-1.5 µm.

Spot tests: upper cortex K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow turning deep red, C-, KC-, P+ orange.

Secondary metabolites: upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with salazinic acid (major) and consalazinic acids (minor).

Substrate and ecology: commonly on rocks, also on trees in open habitats.

World distribution: pansubtropical and pantemperate; North and South America, Africa, southern Asia, Australasia, Oceania;  Sonoran distribution: common in SE Arizona and southwards in the Sierra Madre Occidental region of Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa and southern mountains of Baja California Sur.

 

MycoBank no. 357464

Type: Ireland, Kerry: near Dunkerron, on rocks, common, Taylor, T. s.n. (FH – lectotype!, BM – isolectotype!, designated by Hale & Fletcher 1990).

Description. Thallus corticolous or saxicolous; upper surface white to whitish gray, dull to shiny, epruinose or pruinose, densely reticulate-maculate, often cracked; abundantly sorediate; soralia marginal, sublinear to linear along the lobes,  rarely subcapitate, but not distinctly capitate; soredia farinose, surface creamy white, typically not discolored; lobes small to moderate-sized, 2–5 mm wide, ± angular, abundantly ciliate; cilia short and slender, 0.3–1.5 mm long, black, mostly simple, very rarely branched; lower surface often blackened throughout or becoming dark brown towards the margin, but typically lacking an erhizinate marginal zone, the rhizines extending all the way to the edge of the lobe; sorediate lobes typically blackened and densely rhizinate below; rhizines long, slender, black, mostly simple, rarely sparsely branched; medulla white. Apothecia and pycnidia not observed among the Galapagos specimens.

Chemistry. Cortex with atranorin [P+ yellow, K+ yellow, KC–, C–, UV–]; medulla with salazinic acid [P+ deep yellow, K+ yellow, soon turning blood-red, KC–, C–, UV–].

Ecology and distribution. The species is often considered pantropical to almost pan-temperate (Elix 1994; Egan et al. 2016). However, following a more narrowly delimited species concept (Benatti & Marcelli 2008; Spielmann 2009), the species may turn out to have a more restricted distribution, especially if, as we here suggest, Parmotrema clavuliferum, P. herrei and P. marcellianum are recognized as separate. From Galapagos, P. reticulatum was first reported by Weber (1986), subsequently by Elix & McCarthy (1998) and online (Bungartz et al. 2016). A common species, from the dry zone throughout the transition zone and humid zone into the high-altitude dry zone; most common in the humid zone, both on a variety of endemic, native and introduced trees, and on rock (small boulders, outcrops), both at sunny, exposed and ±shaded and sheltered sites.

Notes. As discussed above, P. reticulatum is most similar to P. clavuliferum, with which it shares the same chemistry and a gray, reticulate-maculate surface, but lacks distinct clavulae.