TYPE. “Sweden? (BM-ACH 702h, as Cenomyce allotropa var. turbinata, lectotype; BM-ACH 702b, d-e and BM ex Hb. Turner received J.E. Smith in 1809, syntypes” (Ahti 1980).

Description. Life form: Lichenized fungus.

Thallus dimorphic. Primary thallus squamulose, regularly persistent; squamules 3-4 x 2-4 mm with few lobes. Podetia slender, 2-7 cm tall, 1-5 mm thick, greenish gray to partly brown, usually somewhat branched, forming cups; cups well-developed, 4-8 mm diam., 2-3 per podetium, margins toothed; base blackened. Podetial surface corticate, continuous to rimose to areolate, usually squamulate. Photobiont Asterochloris alga. Ascomata biatorine apothecia, frequent, dark brown, up to 7 mm diam., on cup margins; ascospores narrowly ovoid, 10-17.5 x 3-5 μm. Pycnidia frequent, 0.2 mm diam.; conidia 6-7 x 0.5-1 μm.

Chemistry. UV+ violet, K+ red-brown, PD+ red; fumarprotocetraric and protocetraric acids.

Substrate and Habitat. On decaying wood or humus over soil in open woodlands or rock outcrops.

Distribution. North America, Europe, Asia, New Zealand, Marion Island; in North Carolina in the Blue Ridge ecoregion. 

Literature

Acharius, E. (1798) Lichenographiae suecicae prodromus. Linköping. i-xxiv, 1-264 pp (original description as Lichen turbinatus).

Ahti, T. (1980) Taxonomic revision of Cladonia gracilis and its allies. Annales Botanici Fennici 17: 195-243.

Brodo, I.M., S. Duran Sharnoff & S. Sharnoff. (2001) Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven & London. 795 pp.

Øvstedal, D.O. & N.J.M Gremmen. (2014) Additional lichen records from Subantarctica III. Marion Island. Australasian Lichenology 74: 2-7.