Global occurrence: Eurasia – Asia Extratropical | Eurasia – Europe | Americas – North America (incl Mexico) | Eurasia – Asia Tropical | Arctic.  Substrate: rock – siliceous, siliciferous, acidic | rock, stones, pebbles – unspecified.  Life habit:  lichenized (mutualistic with algal photobionts).  Thallus: crustose (crustaceous) – endosubstratal, inconspicuous, immersed | crustose (crustaceous) – episubstratal – unspecified; [th] upper surface: grey(ish) | green(ish); [th marginal and upper surface] specific structures: absent; [th] medulla amyloidity: absent.  Ascomata: absent | present; ascoma: apothecial, apothecioid – hymenial; ascoma [mm]: (low) 0.7 (high) 1.0; ascoma: sessile, superficial; [ascm, if apoth] disc, mazaedium: black(ish) | brown(ish) black; [ascm, if apoth] margin surface; [if perith] periostiolar area, ostiole, involucrellum: black(ish) | brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon); [ascm, if apoth] margin excipular photobionts: absent; [ascm, if apoth] subhymenial layers, hypothecium; [if perith] basal excipulum: brown(ish) (if pale: fawn, tan; if mid: cinnamon) | hyaline, colourless; [ascm] paraphyses/-oids: present; [ascm] epihymenium, epithecium: green(ish) | brown(ish) green (olivaceous, olive green).  Asci: lecanoralean; [asc] tholus: thickened; [asc] tholus amyloidity (iodine reaction): present; [asc] tholus amyloidity pattern: amyloid with acuate axial body towards the apex (= Bacidia-, Buellia-, Ramalina-types etc).  Ascospores: (median) 8.0; [asp] shape: subglobose, subspherical | broadly ellipsoidal; [asp] length [µm]: (low) 7.0 (high) 15.0; [asp] width [µm]: (low) 5.0 (high) 9.0; [asp] septa: absent – spore lumen unilocular, monolocular; [asp] pigmentation: hyaline, colourless; [asp] perispore, epispore: not apparent.  Secondary metabolites: present; atranorin | zeorin (hopane-6α,22-diol).  Primary photobiont: present, chlorophytaceous – trebouxiaceous, chlorococcoid.  Secondary photobionts (eg in cephalodia): absent.