Type. [POLAND.] Conradsthal near Salzbrunn, near Hirschberg and on the south slope of Gellhornberges, s.d. J. Flotow s.n. (L ‑ lectotype!, Mayrhofer & Moberg 2002).
Rinodina conradii $ saepincolaKörb., Syst. lich. Germ. 123 (1855). Type. [POLAND.] Silesia, on hard wood of old post and fence planks, s.d. G.W. Körber s.n. (L ‑ holotype!).
Description.Thallus thin, light to dark grey, brownish grey to reddish brown, continuous; surface plane to rugose, matt; margin indeterminate; prothallus lacking; vegetative propagules absent. Apothecia broadly attached to rarely narrowly attached, frequent, scattered, becoming contiguous, to 0.50-0.70 mm in diam.; disc dark brown or black, plane to slightly convex; thalline margin concolourous with thallus, entire, persistent or becoming excluded, 0.05-0.10 mm wide; excipular ring confluent or absent. Apothecial Anatomy. Thalline exciple 40-60 µm wide laterally; cortex 5-10 µm wide; epinecral layer absent; crystals absent in cortex and medulla; cortical cells pigmented, to 5.5-7.5 µm wide; algal cells to 12.5-15.5 µm long; thalline exciple ca. 35 µm deep below when apothecia narrowly attached; proper exciple hyaline, ca. 10 µm wide laterally, to 30-40 µm wide at periphery; hypothecium hyaline, 30-60 µm deep; hymenium 80-105 µm high, not inspersed; paraphyses 2.0-3.0 µm wide, conglutinate, apices to 5.0-6.5 µm wide, darkly pigmented to form a dark, red-brown epihymenium; asci (60-)80-100 x 19-24(-31) µm. Ascospores 8/ascus, Type B development, 3-septate, Conradia-type (Figure 4 I, Mayrhofer et al. 2001 Figure 5), (21.0-)26.0-27.5(-32.5) x (9.5-)11.5-12.0(-14.5) µm, average l/b ratio 2.2-2.4, central lumina rather angular, rhomboid, apical and lateral walls thick; torus narrow, most obvious at central septum; wall ornamentation lacking. Pycnidia not seen.
Substrate and Ecology. Primarily ground dwelling on moss or decaying plant remains but also on soil. In the Pacific Northwest it is common on wood, including old fence posts, also on coastal driftwood. In Oregon it has been recorded on Fragaria runners at sea level and in Colorado on Picea at 3,050m. It has been collected with R. turfacea and R. mniaraea.
Distribution. In North America R. conradii is a western species, most frequent in the Pacific Northwest where it occurs down to sea level although it also extends southwards to Colorado and eastwards to South Dakota. Known worldwide, with a cold temperate to oro-arctic distribution (Mayrhofer et al. 2001).
Notes.Rinodina conradii is well characterized by its 3-septate spores with Type B development. It can only be mistaken for R. intermedia, another primarily ground dwelling species, possessing similar spores with Type A development, but which mostly mature to become submuriform. Rinodinaintermedia also has a complex chemistry contrasting with the lack of secondary metabolites in R. conradii. Mayrhofer et al. (2001) have shown that the two species are allopatric, R. intermedia having a warm temperate distribution and being limited to southwestern U.S.A.
Specimens examined. CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), Hibben Island, I.M. Brodo 14039; Masset Island, I.M. Brodo 18348a; 2 mi S Masset, I.M. Brodo 12713; Moresby Island, I.M. Brodo 17148; Naden Harbour, I.M. Brodo 10715a; 2 mi SE Sandspit, I.M. Brodo 17146; Graham Island, Tlell, I.M. Brodo 10013, 10017, 26561 (all CANL); Anahim Lake, K.E. Ohlsson 2394 (MSC); Hastings, 1889, J. Macoun (CANL); Ladysmith, W.J. Noble 4500b; Saltspring Island, W.J. Noble 7358 (both UBC); Vancouver Island, Tofino, M.J. Shchepanek 278a (CANL); Ucluelet, W.J. Noble 6570 (UBC); 7302 (COLO, UBC); Wells Gray area, R. Coupe 69b (UBC); Wells Gray Prov. Park, Battle Creek Trail, C. Bjorke 8603 (Goward personal herb.); Trophy Mountain, I.M. Brodo 27236 (CANL). NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Keele River, G.W. Scotter 15732a (WIS). YUKON. Hunker Creek, 1902, J. Macoun; Stewart Crossing, R. Rosie 169b (both CANL). U.S.A. ALASKA. Wainwright, 1958, S. Shushan. COLORADO. 1879, T.S. Brandegee (both US); Garfield Co., White River Nat. Forest, S. Shushan 14239; Grand Co., Green Mountain, R.A. Anderson 3199; Gunnison Co., Gothic, S. Shushan 2799 (all COLO); 10 mi NE Gothic, 1955, W.A. Weber (MIN); Rio Blanco Co., 30 mi E Buford, S. Shushan 14239 (COLO). MONTANA. Sanders Co., Sloan Bridge, B. McCune 7337 (personal herb.). OREGON. Benton Co., Willamette Valley, B. McCune 26226; Lane Co., Rock Creek, 1993, B. McCune 21479 (both personal herb.); Linn Co., 3 mi S Halsey, L.H. Pike 1102 (CANL). SOUTH DAKOTA. Custer Co., Sylvan Lake Dam, S.C. Tucker 25760 (SBBG). WASHINGTON. Ferry Co., Republic, 1912, A.S. Foster (FH); Kitsap Co., Bainbridge Island, T. Tønsberg 36427 (BG); Skagit Co., Fidalgo Island, 1978, B.D. Ryan (MIN).
Selected References. Magnusson (1947a), Noble (1982), Fox & Purvis (1992 Fig. 25d), Thomson (1997), Giralt (2001 Plate IV: A), Mayrhofer et al. (2001 p. 458), Mayrhofer & Moberg (2002 p. 102).