Substrate and Habitat. Corticolous on hardwood trees.
Distribution. Coastal Plain of eastern North America from Alabama to North Carolina; in North Carolina found in the Coastal Plain ecoregion.
Literature
Brodo, I.M., S. Duran Sharnoff & S. Sharnoff. (2001) Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven & London. 795 pp.
Culberson, W.L. (1961) The Parmelia quercina group in North America. American Journal of Botany48(2): 168-174 (original description as Parmelia confoederata).
Hale, M.E., Jr (1974) Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae. Phytologia28: 479-490.