Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.
Thallus: foliose but almost areolate centrally, tightly adnate, 3-6 cm in diam., irregularly lobate lobes: sublinear, elongate, plane to subconvex, transversely cracked, contiguous, crowded to sublobulate, 0.5-1 mm wide, not lobulate, black-rimmed; apices: subrotund to subtruncate, smooth to crenate, eciliate upper surface: dark yellow-green but darkening with age, smooth, shiny, epruinose and emaculate, without soralia, isidia, or pustulae medulla: white, with continuous algal layer lower surface: pale brown centrally, plane, moderately rhizinate; rhizines: pale brown, simple, 0.1-0.2 mm long Apothecia: common, sessile, c. 1 mm wide, laminal on thallus; disc: cinnamon-brown to dark brown; margin: smooth, pruina absent asci: clavate, 8-spored ascospores: hyaline, simple, ellipsoid, 7-9 x 3-5 µm Pycnidia: common, immersed conidia: bifusiform, 5-6 x 0.5 µm Spot tests: upper cortex K-, C-, KC-, P-; medulla K+ yellow becoming dark red, C-, KC-, P+ red Secondary metabolites: upper cortex with usnic acid (major); medulla with salazinic acid (major) consalazinic acid (minor), and usually norstictic and protocetraric acids (both trace). Substrate and ecology: on acidic rocks, often in open habitats World distribution: throughout Australasia and occasionally in southwestern North America Sonoran distribution: occasionally at intermediate elevations in Arizona, Baja California, Baja California Sur and western Chihuahua. Notes.: Xanthoparmelia neorimalis is similar to X. lineola but differs in having a much more tightly adnate thallus that is +areolate centrally, and in having narrower lobes (0.5-1 mm vs. 1-3 mm wide). Morphologically it is similar to X. parvoclystoides but differs in containing salazinic acid instead of norstictic acid as the major secondary metabolite.