Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador
Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors: 1,2,3,22Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, 1,4,22Ángel Benítez, 1,2,22Rosa Batallas Molina, 1,5,22Domenica Naranjo, 1,6,22Javier Etayo, 1,7,22María Prieto, 1,4,22Gabriela Cevallos Solórzano, 1,8,22Erika Caicedo, 9Klara Scharnagl, 10Britton McNerlin, 10Santiago Swanson, 7Gregorio Aragón, 7Noelia Fernández-Prado, 7Isabel Martínez, 11Ana Rosa Burgaz, 1,4,7,22Ximena Yadira González, 1,4,22Jorge Déleg, 1,4,22Marlon Vega, 12Pieter van den Boom, 13,14Nicolas Magain, 1,15,22Fredy Nugra, 1,16,22Tania Oña, 17Patricia Jaramillo, 17Justine Villalba-Alemán, 18,19,20,22Bibiana Moncada, 21,22Jesús Hernández, 10Edward Erik Gilbert & *1,2,10,17,22Frank Bungartz

Citation: Yánez-Ayabaca, A. et al. (2023) Lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador, Version #01. Consortium of Lichen Herbaria. Symbiota Checklist, published online at https://lichenportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?clid=1283&pid

Locality: Ecuador

Abstract:

Check out our recent open access publication "Towards a dynamic checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador" in The Lichenologist.

1Grupo Ecuatoriano de Liquenología (GEL), Ecuador
2Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE), Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
3Universidad Central de Quito, Ecuador
4Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Apartado postal 11-01-618, Ecuador
5Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
6Navarro Villoslada 16, 38 dcha, 31003 Pamplona, Navarro, Spain
7Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
8Fungario QCAM, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17-01-2184, Ecuador
9University & Jepson Herbaria, University of California - Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building # 2465, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, USA
10Biodiversity Integration Knowledge Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4108, USA
11Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 28040, Spain
12Arafura 16, 5691JA, Son, the Netherlands
13Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, USA
14Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBioS Research Center, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
15Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
16Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
17Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
18Botanischer Garten, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
19Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
20Biología y Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26D-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
21Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Instituto Experimental Jardín Botánico “Dr. Tobías Lasser”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela
22Grupo Latinoamericano de Liquenolólogos (GLAL)

*corresponding author: frank.bungartz@asu.edu

Lichen-forming, Liquenicolous and Allied fungi of Ecuador / Líquenes, Hongos Liquenícolas y Hongos Relacionadas del Ecuador:
This checklist is the first comprehensive list of species, subspecies, varieties and forms of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from all regions of Ecuador: El Oriente – the Ecuador's Amazon region; La Sierra – the high volcanoes of the Ecuadorian Andes and their foothills; La Costa – the Ecuadorian Pacific coast; and Las Galápagos – Ecuador's insular province. The checklists is part of Ecuador's national biodiversity assessment program ‘Biodiversidad Genética del Ecuador’, led by the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO) and the Galapagos Lichen Inventory, supported by the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) and the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (DPNG). To built this checklist, we compiled literature records of Ecuadorian lichen biota spanning from the late 19th century to the modern day. Using the biodiversity data management software Symbiota, we also used the tools built into the Consortium of Lichen Herbaria to include records based on specimens available in institutional and personal collections participating in the Consortium. A publication outlining best practices for compiling checklists with Symbiota, using our Ecuador Checklist as an example, is simultaneously published in The Lichenologist, where the first version of this checklist is also made available as a supplement.

Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.

This is the version #01 of this checklist, which can be downloaded as PDF here.

Notes: last updated 02 May 2023


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Families: 134
Genera: 513
Species: 2599
Total Taxa: 2610

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[Usnea ceratina f. inflata Duby, Usnea confusa Asah., Usnea constrictula Stirt., Usnea inflata (Duby) Motyka, Usnea inflata var. cornuta (Körb.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Usnea inflata var. inflata Delise, Usnea intexta Stirt., Usnea intexta var. constrictula (Stirt.) D. Hawksw. & D. Chapm., Usnea intexta var. intexta Stirt., Usnea jelskii Motyka, Usnea subhirta (Vain.) Motyka, Usnea subpectinata Stirt.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2018); Bungartz, F. 10948 [CDS]
[Usnea articulata var. dimorpha Müll.Arg.]
source: Truong et al. (2013)
[Neuropogon durietzii (Motyka) D.J. Galloway & Quilhot]
source: Truong et al. (2011)
[Lichen ceratinus var. scabrosus Ach. ex Lam., Usnea barbata var. scabrosa (Ach.) Grognot, Usnea ceratina var. scabrosa Ach., Usnea florida var. scabrosa Vain., Usnea rupestris Motyka, Usnea scabrosa (Ach.) Ach.]
source: Müller (1879; as U. barbata var. scabrosa), Romeguère (1879; as U. barbata var. scabrosa), Zahlbruckner (1905, as U. florida var. scabrosa), Bungartz et al. (2018); Aptroot, A. 63319 C [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64670 [CDS]
[Usnea wirthii P. Clerc]
source: Truong et al. (2011)
[Lichen floridus L., Parmelia florida (L.) Spreng., Usnea barbata f. florida (L.) Fr., Usnea barbata subsp. florida (L.) Vain., Usnea barbata var. florida (L.) Fr., Usnea florida f. florida (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Usnea florida subsp. florida (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Usnea florida var. florida (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Usnea plicata var. florida (L.) Link]
source: Müller (1879), Zahlbruckner (1907), Zahlbruckner (1905)
endemic to Galapagos, Type: Ecuador. Galapagos: Isla San Cristóbal, Cerro Mundo, at the top of the rock cliffs on the S side close to the summit, 00°53’S, 89°34’W, 282 m, transition zone with Bursera graveolens, Croton scouleri and Jasminocereus thouarsii, on Jasminocereus thouarsii on the ridge, August 2008, Clerc, P. 08-405 & Truong, C. (CDS 40259 ‒ holotype!, G ‒ isotypes) ; CMA: 16/3/61.5; chemistry: usnic acid, unknown medullary metabolite reacting UV+ green after charring, source: Herrera-Campos et al. (1998), Lumbsch et al. (2011), Bungartz et al. (2018); Aptroot, A. 64887 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7862 B [CDS], Truong, C. 1323 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64769 D [CDS], more...
[Parmelia barbata var. erecta Schaer., Usnea articulata f. erecta Stein, Usnea articulata f. glabrata (Ach.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univers. 6: 540 (1930), Usnea barbata f. erecta Schaer. nom. illegit., Usnea barbata f. sorediifera (Arnold) Arnold, Usnea barbata var. erecta Rabenh. nom. illegit., Usnea barbata var. sorediifera Arnold, Usnea erecta (Stein) Motyka, Usnea florida var. sorediifera (Arnold) Hue, Usnea hirta var. sorediifera (Arnold) Jatta, Usnea plicata f. erecta Kremp. nom. illegit., Usnea plicata f. glabrata (Ach.) Ach., Usnea plicata var. glabrata Ach., Usnea sorediifera (Arnold) Lynge, Usnea sorediifera f. sorediifera (Arnold) Lynge, Usnea sorediifera var. sorediifera (Arnold) Lynge]
[Usnea neoguineensis Asahina, Usnea neoguineensis var. gracilior Asahina, Usnea neoguineensis var. neoguineensis Asahina]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Lichen hirtus L., Usnea barbata var. villosa (Ach.) Koltz, Usnea florida f. minutissima Mereschk., Usnea florida f. villosa (Ach.) Zahlbr., Usnea florida var. hirta (L.) Ach., Usnea florida var. villosa Ach., Usnea hirta f. minutissima (Mereschk.) Erichsen, Usnea hirta subsp. comiformis (Motyka ex Räsänen) Motyka, Usnea hirta subsp. hirta (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Usnea hirta subsp. villosa (Ach.) Räsänen, Usnea hirta var. comiformis Motyka ex Räsänen, Usnea hirta var. minutissima (Mereschk.) Cretz., Usnea plicata var. hirta (L.) Ach., Usnea variolosa Motyka]
problematic, no modern record, source: Leighton (1966, as U. barbata f. hirta), Müller (1879), Zahlbruckner (1905)
[Usnea angulosa (Müll. Arg.) Motyka, Usnea barbata var. angulosa Müll.Arg., Usnea dasopoga var. angulosa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Usnea dasypogoides var. angulosa (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879)
[Lichen jamaicensis (Ach.) Lam., Parmelia coralloidea var. jamaicensis (Ach.) Eschw., Parmelia jamaicensis (Ach.) Spreng.]
[Parmelia coralloidea var. laevis Eschw.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Müller (1879), Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907), Návas (1908)
[Usnea roccellina var. glacialis Motyka]
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, but Typification: Meyer 303; Meyer 371; Meyer 406, source: Zahlbruckner (1905)
[Neuropogon lambii Imshaug]
source: Truong & Clerc (2016)
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Yánez-Ayabaca 1895 [CDS 48250], source: Bungartz et al. (2018); Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1895 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-208 [CDS]
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Diels (1937)
[Neuropogon patagonicus (F.J. Walker) D.J. Galloway & Quilhot]
source: Truong & Clerc (2016)
[Usnea eumitrioides Motyka]
source: Truong et al. (2013)
source: Truong et al. (2011); Clerc, P. 08-376 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-139 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8423 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-181 B [CDS], more...
source: Truong et al. (2013)
[Usnea pensylvanica Motyka, Usnea protensa Stirt., Usnea rubicunda var. spilota (Stirt.) G.N. Stevens, Usnea spilota Stirt., Usnea sublurida Stirt.]
parasitized by Lichenostigma maureri, source: Farlow (1902), Stewart (1912), Weber (1966, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Truong et al. (2011), Ohmura (2001, 2008), Bungartz et al. (2018), Etayo (2017); C. H. Dodson 1853 [WIS], Bungartz, F. 5853 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-411 [CDS], Nugra, F. 567 [CDS], more...
[Parmelia coralloidea var. rubiginea (Michx.) Eschw., Usnea barbata f. rubiginea (Michx.) Meyen & Flot., Usnea barbata subsp. rubiginea (Michx.) Fink, Usnea barbata var. rubiginea Meyen & Flot., Usnea ceratina f. rubiginea (Michx.) Kremp., Usnea florida f. rubiginea (Michx.) Ach., Usnea florida var. rubiginea Michx., Usnea strigosa subsp. rubiginea (Michaux) I. Tav.]
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record; for the Galapagos Weber (1986: 487) called “reddish” Galapagos specimens Usnea rubiginea, a name that Elix & McCarthy (1998) generally assumed to refer to U. rubicunda, but Truong et al. (2011) found several other with a reddish orange cortical to subcortical pigmentation also to be present, though less common, source: Müller (1879)
source: Truong et al. (2011)
[Usnea barbata var. elegans (Stirt.) Müll. Arg., Usnea barbata var. scabrida (Taylor) Müll. Arg., Usnea dasypogoides var. elegans (Stirt.) Müll. Arg., Usnea elegans Stirt., Usnea florida f. elegans (Stirt.) Vain., Usnea florida var. elegans (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Usnea florida var. scabrida (Taylor) Zahlbr., Usnea scabrida subsp. elegans (Stirt.) G.N. Stevens, Usnea scabrida subsp. scabrida Taylor, Usnea scabrida subsp. tayloriana G.N. Stevens]
problematic, no modern record, source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879), Zahlbruckner (1905)
[Usnea madeirensis Motyka]
source: Truong & Clerc (2016); Carlos Céron 33329 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Neuropogon sphacelatus (R. Br.) D.J. Galloway, Usnea melaxantha var. sphacelata (R. Br.) Hook. f. & Taylor, Usnea sulphurea var. sphacelata (R. Br.) Vain.]
[Parmelia coralloidea var. strigosa (Ach.) Eschw., Usnea barbata f. strigosa (Ach.) R. Howe, Usnea barbata var. strigosa (Ach.) Tuck., Usnea ceratina f. strigosa (Ach.) Kremp., Usnea ceratina var. strigosa (Ach.) Kremp., Usnea florida f. strigosa (Ach.) Vain., Usnea florida var. strigosa Ach., Usnea hirta var. strigosa (Ach.) Mereschk.]
source: Návas (1908), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
source: Truong & Clerc (2016), Gerlach et al. (2020)
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 8117 [CDS 40763], source: Bungartz et al. (2018); Aptroot, A. 65053 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10474 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-96 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-288 [CDS], more...
source: Truong et al. (2013)
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Lichen comosus Ach., Usnea barbata var. comosa (Ach.) Vain., Usnea comosa (Ach.) Röhl., Usnea comosa f. comosa (Ach.) Röhl., Usnea comosa subsp. colorans Asahina, Usnea comosa subsp. comosa (Ach.) Röhl., Usnea comosa subsp. melanopoda Asahina, Usnea comosa subsp. similis Motyka nom. inval., Usnea comosa subsp. sordidula Motyka, Usnea comosa var. comosa (Ach.) Röhl., Usnea comosa var. similis (Motyka) Erichsen, Usnea comosa var. sordidula (Motyka) Erichsen, Usnea florida var. comosa (Ach.) Vain., Usnea hirta f. hirsutula Stirt., Usnea plicata f. comosa (Ach.) Ach., Usnea plicata var. comosa (Ach.) Ach., Usnea similis Motyka ex Räsänen, Usnea subfloridana var. melanopoda (Asahina) D. Hawksw., Usnea subfloridana var. similis (Motyka) Oxner, Usnea subfloridana var. sordidula (Motyka) Oxner, Usnea subfloridana var. subfloridana Stirt.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Návas (1908, as Usnea florida var. comosa
[Usnea macaronesica P. Clerc, Usnea pycnoclada Vain.]
source: Truong & Clerc (2016)
[Usnea elongata Motyka, Usnea elongata f. elongata Motyka, Usnea elongata f. sorediifera Rizzini, Usnea hesperina Motyka, Usnea subplicata (Vain.) Motyka]
source: Truong et al. (2013)
[Lichen sulphureus J. König nom. illegit., Usnea barbata var. sulphurea Hook. f. & Taylor]
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907)
[Lecanora aemulans Vain.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2013c, 2020); Bungartz, F. 4017 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4320 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65060 [CDS]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Nugra 279 [CDS 33195], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Nugra, F. 279 [CDS]
[Lichen velatus (Turner) Sm. & Sowerby, Parmelia velata Turner, Pertusaria santamonicae Dibben, Pertusaria velata (Turner) Nyl., Pertusaria velata f. velata (Turner) Nyl., Pertusaria velata subsp. velata (Turner) Nyl., Pertusaria velata var. velata (Turner) Nyl., Variolaria velata (Turner) Ach.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007); R. C. Harris 17687 [NY], R. C. Harris 17203A [NY]
[Verrucaria melaenella Vain.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, material confirmed by O. Breuss (2011); Bungartz, F. 4335 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64863 [CDS]
[Catapyrenium lecideoides (A. Massal.) Arnold, Catapyrenium lecideoides f. minutum (A. Massal.) Arnold, Catapyrenium lecideoides var. minutum (A. Massal.) Arnold, Dermatocarpon lecideoides (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., Lithoicea fraudulosa (Nyl.) Flagey, Lithoicea lecideoides (A. Massal.) Flagey, Lithoicea lecideoides var. minuta (A. Massal.) Flagey, Placopyrenium lecideoides (A. Massal.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, Thrombium lecideoides A. Massal., Thrombium lecideoides var. lecideoides A. Massal., Thrombium lecideoides var. minutum A. Massal., Verrucaria fraudulosa Nyl., Verrucaria lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides f. lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides f. minuta (A. Massal.) Körb., Verrucaria lecideoides var. fraudulosa (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Verrucaria lecideoides var. lecideoides (A. Massal.) Trevis., Verrucaria lecideoides var. minuta Hepp, Verrucaria minor Breuss, Verrucaria minuta (A. Massal.) Zschacke nom. illegit., Verrucaria minuta f. minuta (A. Massal.) Zschacke, Verrucula fraudulosa (Nyl.) J. Steiner, Verrucula lecideoides (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, Verrucula lecideoides f. minuta (A. Massal.) J. Steiner, Verruculopsis lecideoides var. fraudulosa (Nyl.) Gueidan & Cl. Roux, Verruculopsis lecideoides var. minuta (A. Massal.) Cl. Roux nom. inval., Verruculopsis minuta (Hepp) Krzewicka nom. inval.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 5245 [CDS]
[Biatora aestivalis (Ohlert) Lindau, Catillaria byssacea Vězda, Lecidea aestivalis Ohlert, Pachyascus byssaceus (Vězda) Vězda]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera laciniata, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 19918 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20114 [hb. Etayo]
[Lecidea fucata Stirt., Megalospora fucata (Stirt.) H. Olivier, Mycoblastus fucatus (Stirton) Zahlbr., Mycoblastus sterilis Coppins & P. James]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Caloplaca brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca brouardii var. brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Fulgogasparrea brouardii (B. de Lesd.) S.Y. Kondr., Placodium brouardii B. de Lesd.]
[Thelotrema butuanum Vain., Thelotrema glaucopallens Nyl., Thelotrema glaucopallens var. glaucopallens Nyl., Thelotrema glaucopallens var. homopastoides Vain., Thelotrema homopastoides Vain., Thelotrema pechuelii Müll.Arg.]
[Teloschistes mendozae (Räsänen) Räsänen, Xanthomendoza kashiwadanii S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt, Xanthoria mendozae Räsänen]
Holotype GB, Arvidsson et al. 6218, source: Nash et al. (1995), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); T.H. Nash III 6218 [ASU], T.H. Nash III 23798 [ASU], L. Arvidsson 6218 [ASU], Arvidsson, L.... 6218 [GB]
[Borrera camtschadalis Ach., Evernia camtschadalis (Ach.) Mont., Imbricaria camtschadalis (Ach.) Jatta, Parmelia camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw., Parmelia camtschadalis f. camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw., Parmelia camtschadalis var. camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Leighton (1866)
[Imbricaria conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) DC., Imbricaria conspersa f. conspersa (Ach.) DC., Lichen conspersus Ehrh. ex Ach., Lobaria conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) P. Gaertn., G. Mey. & Scherb., Parmelia centrifuga var. conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Schaer., Parmelia conspersa Ach., Parmelia conspersa f. conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Ach., Parmelia conspersa subsp. conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Ach., Parmelia conspersa var. conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Ach., Pseudoparmelia conspersa]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Spielmann, A.A. 10526 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10527 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7610 [CDS]
[Parmelia cordillerana Gyeln., Parmelia etheridgensis Elix]
source: Nash et al. (1995); R. M. King 74-180 [US]
[Parmelia farinosa Vain., Parmelia farinosa f. farinosa Vain., Parmelia soredians f. farinosa (Vain.) Gyeln.]
[Parmelia kurokawae Hale, Parmelia lavicola Gyeln., Xanthoparmelia kurokawae (Hale) Hale]
source: Nash et al. (1995), Hale (1990)
[Imbricaria mougeotii (Schaer.) Flot., Parmelia conspersa f. mougeotii (Schaer. ex D. Dietr.) Leight., Parmelia conspersa var. mougeotii (Schaer. ex D. Dietr.) Leight., Parmelia mougeotii Schaer. ex D. Dietr., Parmelia mougeotii f. mougeotii Schaer., Parmelia mougeotii var. mougeotii Schaer.]
source: Nash et al. (1995), Hale (1990); L. Arvidsson 7038 [ASU], A. Aptroot & R. Hensen s.n. [US]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, previosuly as Xanthoparmelia congensis (J. Steiner) Hale, but specimens have more slightly convex lobes, isidia are only initially globose, but with age become cylindrical and eventually even sparsely branched and are not erumpent; Bungartz, F. 6496 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7013 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11752 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64794 [CDS], more...
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 7591 [CDS]
[Imbricaria conspersa f. stenophylla (Ach.) Flot., Imbricaria conspersa var. stenophylla (Ach.) Jatta, Parmelia centrifuga f. stenophylla (Ach.) Wallr., Parmelia centrifuga var. stenophylla (Ach.) Rabenh., Parmelia conspersa f. stenophylla (Ach.) Schaer., Parmelia conspersa ß stenophylla Ach., Parmelia conspersa subsp. stenophylla (Ach.) Hasse, Parmelia conspersa var. stenophylla Ach., Parmelia polyphylloides f. somloensis (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Parmelia somloensis Gyeln., Parmelia somloensis f. somloensis Gyeln., Parmelia somloensis var. somloensis Gyeln., Parmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Heugel, Parmelia stenophylla f. stenophylla Müll.Arg., Parmelia stenophylla var. stenophylla Müll.Arg., Parmelia viriduloumbrina var. somloensis (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyelnik) Hale]
source: Nash et al. (1987); T.H. Nash III 23787 [ASU], T. Nash 23,787 [US]
[Parmelia abstrusa var. subramigera (Gyeln.) Gyeln., Parmelia subramigera Gyeln.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Weber (1986), Nash et al. (1995), Elix & McCarthy (1998); Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1819 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 2098 [CDS], Jaramillo, P. 2836 [CDS], Herrera-Campos, M.A. 10741 [CDS], more...
source: Nash et al. (1995), Hale (1990)
[Endocarpon vagans Nyl., Parmelia conspersa var. vagans (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia molliuscula subsp. vagans (Nyl.) Cretz., Parmelia molliuscula var. vagans (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia stenophylla var. vagans (Nyl.) Lettau, Parmelia subvagans Gyeln., Parmelia taractica var. vagans (Nyl.) Poelt & Vězda nom. inval., Parmelia vagans (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia vagans f. vagans (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia vagans var. vagans (Nyl.) Nyl.]
[Pronectria angulospora Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia, source: van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 25520 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Yoshimuriella subdissecta, Holotype QCA, Etayo 25445, source: Etayo (2003); Etayo, J. 25445 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dirinaria, source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Pronectria leptaleoides Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium azureum, Leptogium burgessii, Leptogium foveolatum,Leptogium phyllocarpum, and other species of Leptogium , source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20150 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26417 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25824 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25536 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Lobariella crenulata and L. pallida, Holotype QCA, Etayo 25538, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19939 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25538 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20121 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25782 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Nectria subimperspicua Speg., Pronectria subimperspicua (Speg.) Lowen, Xenonectriella subimperspicua var. subimperspicua (Speg.) Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Punctelia sp., Hypotrachyna sp. and Parmeliaceae indeter., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25685 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25465 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25495 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema reticulatum & Parmotrema sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 25464, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25454 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25464 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25453 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia barbifera, H. leucomelos, H. vulgaris, Holotype QCA, Etayo 25348, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25468 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 19998 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25680 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25348 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Hysterium abietinum Pers., Hysterium parallelum (Ach.) Wahlenb., Lichen parallelus Ach., Opegrapha parallela (Ach.) Ach., Placographa laricicola (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Stictis linearis Cooke & Ellis, Stictis parallela (Ach.) Fr., Xylogramma lineare (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc., Xylogramma parallelum Wallr., Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr., Xylographa abietina f. abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr., Xylographa abietina f. atrata Redinger, Xylographa abietina var. abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr., Xylographa abietina var. degelii (Räsänen) Makar., Xylographa abietina var. elliptica (Nyl.) Räsänen, Xylographa abietina var. parallela (Ach.) Redinger, Xylographa abietina var. rubescens (Räsänen) Degel., Xylographa incerta A. Massal., Xylographa laricicola Nyl., Xylographa minutula Körb., Xylographa parallela var. sessitana Bagl. in Arnold, Xylographa scaphoidea Stirt.]
[Lobaria hirta (Stirt.) Hellb., Lobaria orygmaea (Ach.) Trevis., Lobaria urvillei (C. Bab.) Trevis., Pseudocyphellaria coronata (Müll. Arg.) Malme, Pseudocyphellaria durvillei (Delise) Vain., Pseudocyphellaria durvillei var. durvillei (Delise) Vain., Pseudocyphellaria hirta (Stirt.) D.J. Galloway & P. James, Pseudocyphellaria orygmaea (Ach.) Malme, Pseudocyphellaria orygmaea var. orygmaea (Ach.) Malme, Pseudocyphellaria orygmaea var. urvillei (C. Bab.) Malme, Sticta coronata Müll.Arg., Sticta durvillei C. Bab., Sticta durvillei f. durvillei C. Bab., Sticta durvillei var. durvillei C. Bab., Sticta endochrysa var. urvillei (C. Bab.) Müll. Arg., Sticta hirta Stirt. nom. illegit., Sticta orygmaea Ach., Sticta orygmaea var. orygmaea Ach., Sticta urvillei C. Bab., Sticta urvillei f. urvillei C. Bab., Sticta urvillei var. urvillei C. Bab.]
problematic, only in Cevallos (2012), source: Cevallos (2012)
[Lobaria corrosa (Ach.) Vain., Lobaria dissecta var. corrosa (Ach.) Malme, Ricasolia corrosa (Ach.) Nyl., Sticta corrosa (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Sticta dissecta f. corrosa (Ach.) Ach., Sticta dissecta var. corrosa Ach.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Leighton (1866), Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879)
[Crocodia dissecta (Sw.) Trevis., Crocodia peltigera (Delile) Trevis., Lichen dissectus Sw., Lobaria dissecta (Sw.) Raeusch., Lobaria dissecta var. acharii Zahlbr., Platysma dissectum (Sw.) Hoffm., Ricasolia dissecta Nyl., Sticta dissecta Laurer, Sticta dissecta var. dissecta (Sw.) Delise, Sticta peltigera Delise nom. illegit.]
source: Leighton (1866), Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Y. Mexía 7640B [F], Benítez, A. 448 [HUTPL]
[Lobaria fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Lindau, Ricasolia fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Nyl., Sticta fendleri Tuck. & Mont.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Lobaria peltigera (Delile) Vain., Lobaria peltigera var. peltigera (Delile) Vain.]
[Crocodia subdissecta (Nyl.) Trevis., Lobaria subdissecta (Nyl.) Vain., Ricasolia subdissecta Nyl., Sticta subdissecta (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
parasitized by Xenonectriella coppinsiana, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Niesslia pseudocyphellariae, Dinemasporium strigosum, Periconia atra, Fellhanera stictae, Tremella lobariacearum, Didymocyrtis micropunctum & Phoma aff. peltigerae, source: Müller (1879), Etayo (2017), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Mittermeier (2015; as Lobaria cf. subdissecta), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 449 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 25719 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25503 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25426 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20071 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26345 [hb. Etayo]
[Arthonia epicladonia (Nyl.) Alstrup & Zhurb., Biatorina epicladonia (Nyl.) Arnold, Catillaria epicladonia (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecidea epicladonia Nyl., Scutula epicladonia (Nyl.) Zopf]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Cladonia chlorophaea & Cladonia sp., source: Etayo (2017)
[Graphis abbreviata Spreng., Opegrapha abbreviata Chevall., Opegrapha bonplandii Fée, Opegrapha bonplandii f. abbreviata (Spreng.) Redinger, Opegrapha bonplandii f. bonplandii Fée, Opegrapha bonplandii var. abbreviata (Spreng.) Müll. Arg.]
[Didymella cladoniae C.W. Dodge]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Cladonia confusa, source: Etayo (2017)
[Arthopyrenia coepulona Norman]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Xanthoria elegans, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 23446 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Bunodophoron, Holotype PRA, Palice 8397, source: Diederich et al. (2022)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leucodermia, source: Diederich et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 25512 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25333 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25525 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Polyblastidium, source: Diederich et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 20137 [hb. Etayo]