Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador
Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors: 1,2,3,22Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, 1,4,22Ángel Benítez, 1,2,22Rosa Batallas Molina, 1,5,22Domenica Naranjo, 1,6,22Javier Etayo, 1,7,22María Prieto, 1,4,22Gabriela Cevallos Solórzano, 1,8,22Erika Caicedo, 9Klara Scharnagl, 10Britton McNerlin, 10Santiago Swanson, 7Gregorio Aragón, 7Noelia Fernández-Prado, 7Isabel Martínez, 11Ana Rosa Burgaz, 1,4,7,22Ximena Yadira González, 1,4,22Jorge Déleg, 1,4,22Marlon Vega, 12Pieter van den Boom, 13,14Nicolas Magain, 1,15,22Fredy Nugra, 1,16,22Tania Oña, 17Patricia Jaramillo, 17Justine Villalba-Alemán, 18,19,20,22Bibiana Moncada, 21,22Jesús Hernández, 10Edward Erik Gilbert & *1,2,10,17,22Frank Bungartz

Citation: Yánez-Ayabaca, A. et al. (2023) Lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador, Version #01. Consortium of Lichen Herbaria. Symbiota Checklist, published online at https://lichenportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?clid=1283&pid

Locality: Ecuador

Abstract:

Check out our recent open access publication "Towards a dynamic checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador" in The Lichenologist.

1Grupo Ecuatoriano de Liquenología (GEL), Ecuador
2Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE), Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
3Universidad Central de Quito, Ecuador
4Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Apartado postal 11-01-618, Ecuador
5Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
6Navarro Villoslada 16, 38 dcha, 31003 Pamplona, Navarro, Spain
7Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
8Fungario QCAM, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17-01-2184, Ecuador
9University & Jepson Herbaria, University of California - Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building # 2465, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, USA
10Biodiversity Integration Knowledge Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4108, USA
11Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 28040, Spain
12Arafura 16, 5691JA, Son, the Netherlands
13Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, USA
14Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBioS Research Center, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
15Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
16Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
17Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
18Botanischer Garten, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
19Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
20Biología y Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26D-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
21Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Instituto Experimental Jardín Botánico “Dr. Tobías Lasser”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela
22Grupo Latinoamericano de Liquenolólogos (GLAL)

*corresponding author: frank.bungartz@asu.edu

Lichen-forming, Liquenicolous and Allied fungi of Ecuador / Líquenes, Hongos Liquenícolas y Hongos Relacionadas del Ecuador:
This checklist is the first comprehensive list of species, subspecies, varieties and forms of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from all regions of Ecuador: El Oriente – the Ecuador's Amazon region; La Sierra – the high volcanoes of the Ecuadorian Andes and their foothills; La Costa – the Ecuadorian Pacific coast; and Las Galápagos – Ecuador's insular province. The checklists is part of Ecuador's national biodiversity assessment program ‘Biodiversidad Genética del Ecuador’, led by the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO) and the Galapagos Lichen Inventory, supported by the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) and the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (DPNG). To built this checklist, we compiled literature records of Ecuadorian lichen biota spanning from the late 19th century to the modern day. Using the biodiversity data management software Symbiota, we also used the tools built into the Consortium of Lichen Herbaria to include records based on specimens available in institutional and personal collections participating in the Consortium. A publication outlining best practices for compiling checklists with Symbiota, using our Ecuador Checklist as an example, is simultaneously published in The Lichenologist, where the first version of this checklist is also made available as a supplement.

Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.

This is the version #01 of this checklist, which can be downloaded as PDF here.

Notes: last updated 02 May 2023


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Families: 134
Genera: 513
Species: 2599
Total Taxa: 2610

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[Anaptychia speciosa f. isidiophora (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Physcia speciosa f. isidiophora Nyl., Pseudocyphellaria argyracea f. isidiophora (Nyl.) H. Magn., Sticta argyracea f. isidiophora (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
[Anaptychia dendritica var. lamelligera (Taylor) Vain., Anaptychia lamelligera (Taylor) Kurok., Parmelia lamelligera Taylor]
parasitized by Endococcus sipmanii, source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Anaptychia multiciliata Kurok.]
source: Moberg (2011), Cevallos Solórzano (2012)
[Anaptychia heterochroa Vain., Anaptychia hypoleuca var. colorata Zahlbr., Anaptychia obscurata (Nyl.) Vain., Anaptychia obscurata var. obscurata (Nyl.) Vain., Anaptychia obscurata var. serpens Vain., Anaptychia sorediifera (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz & Lynge, Anaptychia sorediifera var. colorata (Zahlbr.) Nádv., Anaptychia sorediifera var. sorediifera (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz & Lynge, Heppia obscuratula Nyl., Peltula obscuratula (Nyl.) Poelt ex Egea, Physcia obscurata Nyl.]
[Anaptychia podocarpa (Bél.) A. Massal., Anaptychia podocarpa var. conferta Vain., Anaptychia podocarpa var. podocarpa (Bél.) A. Massal., Heterodermia podocarpa var. podocarpa (Bél.) D.D. Awasthi, Parmelia podocarpa Bél., Physcia leucomelos var. podocarpa (Bél.) Nyl.]
[Anaptychia pseudospeciosa Kurok., Anaptychia pseudospeciosa f. pseudospeciosa Kurok., Anaptychia pseudospeciosa f. tagawae Kurok., Anaptychia pseudospeciosa var. inactiva Kurok., Anaptychia pseudospeciosa var. pseudospeciosa Kurok.]
source: Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Spielmann, A.A. 10471 [CDS]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 225 [HUTPL]
source: Moberg (2011), Cevallos (2012), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 226 [HUTPL], Arvidsson... 2189 [GB], Arvidsson... 406 [GB], Arvidsson... 2185 [GB]
[Alectoria speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal., Anaptychia pseudospeciosa var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Kurok., Anaptychia speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal., Anaptychia speciosa f. brachyloba (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Anaptychia speciosa f. cinerascens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Anaptychia speciosa f. cubana B. de Lesd., Anaptychia speciosa f. foliolosa C. Moreau & M. Moreau, Anaptychia speciosa f. isidiosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Anaptychia speciosa f. sorediosa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Anaptychia speciosa f. spathulata Vain., Anaptychia speciosa f. speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal., Anaptychia speciosa f. subimbricata (Räsänen) M. Satô, Anaptychia speciosa var. angustiloba (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Anaptychia speciosa var. esorediata Vain., Anaptychia speciosa var. lineariloba Müll.Arg., Anaptychia speciosa var. lobulifera Vain., Anaptychia speciosa var. mexicana B. de Lesd., Anaptychia speciosa var. microspora Kurok., Anaptychia speciosa var. speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal., Anaptychia speciosa var. stellata Tuck., Borrera speciosa (Wulfen) Mudd, Dimelaena speciosa (Wulfen) Norman, Hagenia speciosa (Wulfen) De Not., Heterodermia pseudospeciosa var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Kurok., Imbricaria speciosa (Wulfen) DC., Lichen speciosus Wulfen, Lobaria speciosa (Wulfen) Hoffm., Parmelia speciosa (Wulfen) Ach., Parmelia speciosa f. fagorum Britzelm., Parmelia speciosa f. speciosa (Wulfen) Ach., Physcia speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl., Physcia speciosa f. brachyloba Müll.Arg., Physcia speciosa f. cinerascens Nyl., Physcia speciosa f. coralligera Müll.Arg., Physcia speciosa f. pulvinigera Müll.Arg., Physcia speciosa f. sorediosa Müll.Arg., Physcia speciosa f. speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl., Physcia speciosa f. subgranulosa Tuck., Physcia speciosa var. angustiloba Müll.Arg., Physcia speciosa var. dactyliza Nyl., Physcia speciosa var. speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl., Pseudophyscia speciosa (Wulfen) Müll. Arg., Pseudophyscia speciosa var. speciosa (Wulfen) Müll. Arg., Squamaria speciosa (Wulfen) Frege, Xanthoria speciosa (Wulfen) Horw., Xanthoria speciosa var. hypoleuca (Muhl.) Horw., Xanthoria speciosa var. speciosa (Wulfen) Horw.]
parasitized by Sphaerellothecium gallowayi, source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Moberg (2011), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Etayo (2017); Aptroot, A. 65458 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9831 [CDS], Arvidsson... 3813 [GB], Arvidsson... 2244 [GB], more...
[Anaptychia spinigera Kurok.]
source: Moberg (2011), Cevallos Solórzano (2012); Ståhl... 439 [GB]
[Anaptychia podocarpa var. stellata Vain., Anaptychia stellata (Vain.) Kurok., Anaptychia stellata var. stellata (Vain.) Kurok., Heterodermia podocarpa var. stellata Vain., Heterodermia stellata var. stellata (Vain.) W.A. Weber]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 227 [HUTPL]
[Anaptychia subcomosa (Nyl.) Vain., Physcia barbifera var. subcomosa (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Physcia latifolia var. subcomosa (Nyl.) Nyl., Physcia leucomelos var. subcomosa Nyl.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Romeguère (1879), Müller (1879)
[Anaptychia trichophora Kurok.]
source: Moberg (2011), Cevallos Solórzano (2012); Andersson, Lennart 1900 [GB], Andersson, Lennart 957 [GB]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Arthonia pelvetii (Hepp ex Linds.) H. Olivier, Arthonia vagans subsp. pelvetii Hepp ex Almq., Celidium pelvetii Hepp ex Linds., Conida pelvetii (Hepp ex Linds.) Arnold, Conida pelvetii f. pelvetii (Hepp ex Linds.) Arnold, Conida pelvetii f. solorinae Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pseudocyphellaria aurata, source: Etayo (2017)
[Blastenia pollinii A. Massal., Callopisma ferrugineum var. pollinii (A. Massal.) Bagl., Callopisma pollinii (A. Massal.) Trevis., Caloplaca cinnamomea subsp. nigricans (Nyl.) Malme, Caloplaca phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta, Caloplaca pollinii var. major B. de Lesd., Caloplaca pollinii var. pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta, Lecanora ferruginea var. nigricans Nyl., Lecanora phaeocarpella Nyl., Lecanora pollinii (A. Massal.) Massee, Lecidea phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Hue, Lecidea pollinii (A. Massal.) Hue, Physcia phaeocarpa (Nyl.) Hue, Placodium ferrugineum f. pollinii (A. Massal.) Tuck., Placodium ferrugineum subsp. pollinii (A. Massal.) Fink, Placodium ferrugineum var. pollinii (A. Massal.) Hepp, Placodium phaeocarpellum (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Placodium pollinii (A. Massal.) A.L. Sm.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia leucomelos, Holotype QCA, Etayo 26405, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 26405 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26405 [QCAM]
[Dimelaena adglutinata (Flörke) Trevis., Hagenia adglutinata (Flörke) Bagl. & Carestia, Hagenia elaeina (Sm.) Bagl., Hyperphyscia adglutinata var. adglutinata (Flörke) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt, Imbricaria adglutinata (Flörke) Chevall., Parmelia adglutinata (Flörke) Flörke, Parmelia obscura var. adglutinata (Flörke) Schaer., Physcia adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl., Physcia adglutinata f. adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl., Physcia adglutinata f. sorediata Nyl., Physcia adglutinata subsp. adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl., Physcia adglutinata var. adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl., Physcia adglutinata var. lepraeformis (Flörke) Zahlbr., Physcia elaeina (Sm.) A.L. Sm., Physcia elaeina f. albida B. de Lesd., Physcia elaeina f. elaeina (Sm.) A.L. Sm., Physcia elaeina f. pyrithrocardia (Müll. Arg.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia elaeina f. tenuissima Nádv., Physcia elaeina var. elaeina (Sm.) A.L. Sm., Physcia elaeina var. subvirella Nyl., Physciopsis adglutinata (Flörke) M. Choisy, Physciopsis elaeina (Sm.) Poelt, Physciopsis elaeina var. elaeina (Sm.) Poelt, Physciopsis elaeina var. pyrithrocardia (Müll. Arg.) D.D. Awasthi & Kr.P. Singh, Squamaria elaeina (Sm.) Hook., Xanthoria adglutinata (Flörke) Horw., Xanthoria adglutinata f. adglutinata (Flörke) Horw., Xanthoria adglutinata f. sorediata (Nyl.) Horw.]
parasitized by Buelliella physciicola, source: Dodge (1936), Weber (1966, 1986), Benítez et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 9690 [CDS], Weber, W.A. 49 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6977 [CDS], Benítez, A. 36 [HUTPL]
[Physcia endochrysea (Nyl.) Hampe, Physcia obscura f. endochrysea Nyl.]
source: Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 61 [HUTPL]
[Physciopsis granulata Poelt]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 9115 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7210 [CDS], Nugra, F. 479 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9234 [CDS], more...
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Dimelaena minor (Fée) Trevis., Hyperphyscia minor (Fée) D.D. Awasthi nom. illegit., Parmelia minor Fée, Physcia adglutinata f. minor (Fée) Nyl., Physcia adglutinata var. minor (Fée) Nyl.,, Physcia minor (Fée) Vain., Physciopsis minor (Fée) B.J. Moore]
[Physcia pandani H. Magn., Physcia pandani f. pandani H. Magn.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 10184 B [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8548 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8550 [CDS]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Physcia adglutinata var. pyrithrocardia Müll.Arg.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Hillmann, G. GAL-65 [CDS]
[Physcia syncolla Tuck. ex Nyl., Physcia syncolla f. syncolla Tuck. ex Nyl., Physciopsis syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Poelt, Physciopsis syncolla var. syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Poelt]
[Parmelia afrorevoluta Krog & Swinscow, Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Elix & Hale]
[Cetrariastrum americanum (Meyen & Flot.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Evernia americana Meyen & Flot., Evernia americana f. americana Meyen & Flot., Everniastrum americanum (Meyen & Flot.) Hale ex Sipman, Everniopsis americana Meyen & Flot., Imbricaria camtschadalis var. americana (Meyen & Flot.) Jatta, Parmelia americana Meyen & Flot., Parmelia americana var. americana Meyen & Flot., Parmelia camtschadalis f. americana (Meyen & Flot.) Nyl., Parmelia camtschadalis var. americana (Meyen & Flot.) Nyl., Parmelia cirrhata f. americana (Mont.) Asahina, Parmelia cirrhata var. americana (Mont.) Räsänen]
problematic, no modern record, source: Müller (1879; as Parmelia camtschadalis var. americana), Romeguère (1879), Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907)
[Cetrariastrum arsenei (Hale & M. Wirth) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Everniastrum arsenei (Hale & M. Wirth) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia arsenei Hale & M. Wirth]
source: Culberson & Culberson (1981), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1981, 1986), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Sipman (1992), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009); Andersson... 504b [GB], Lindström, Marie 1009 [GB]
[Everniastrum arvidssonii Sipman]
Holotype GB, Arvidsson 357b, source: Sipman (1992), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); Andersson, L. 357 b [GB], Arvidsson... 2328 [GB]
[Parmelia boquetensis Hale]
source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009)
Holotype GB, Arvidsson et al. 6296, source: Sipman et al. (2009); Arvidsson, L.... 6296 [GB], Arvidsson... 961 [GB]
[Parmelia caraccensis Taylor, Parmelia caraccensis f. caraccensis Taylor, Parmelia caraccensis var. caraccensis Taylor, Parmelia cervicornis f. caraccensis (Taylor) Hue, Parmelia sinuosa var. caraccensis (Taylor) Linds.]
Holotype QAP, Yánez-Ayabaca 1453b, source: Yánez-Ayabaca & Eliasaro (2009), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009)
[Cetrariastrum catawbiense (Degel.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Everniastrum catawbiense (Degel.) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia catawbiensis (Degel.) Hale & M. Wirth, Parmelia sorocheila var. catawbiensis Degel.]
[Hypotrachyna cinerascens Kurok. & K.H. Moon, Parmelia chicitae Hale]
[Cetrariastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) W.L. Culb. & C. F. Culb., Evernia cirrhata (Fr.) M. Choisy, Evernia cirrhata f. cirrhata (Fr.) M. Choisy, Evernia cirrhata f. confusa (Du Rietz) Räsänen, Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale ex Sipman, Everniastrum cirrhatum f. cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia camtschadalis var. cirrhata (Fr.) Zahlbr., Parmelia cirrhata Fr., Parmelia cirrhata f. cirrhata Fr., Parmelia cirrhata f. confusa (Du Rietz) Asahina, Parmelia cirrhata f. granulosa (Vain.) Asahina, Parmelia cirrhata f. vermicularis (Vain.) Asahina, Parmelia cirrhata var. cirrhata Fr., Parmelia cirrhata var. fistulata (Taylor) Zahlbr., Parmelia cirrhata var. propagulifera Räsänen, Parmelia cirrhata var. sorediantha Zahlbr., Pseudevernia cirrhata (Fr.) R. Schub. & Klem.]
source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907), Culberson & Culberson (1981), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Sipman (1992), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), González et al. (2017b); W.L. Culberson 20198 [ASU], Erik Asplund s.n. [WIS], Palice, Z. s.n. [DUKE], Benítez, A. 167 [HUTPL], more...
[Cetrariastrum columbiense (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Everniastrum columbiense (Zahlbr.) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia columbiensis Zahlbr.]
source: Culberson & Culberson (1981), Sipman (1992), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009); Arvidsson... 1575 [GB], Arvidsson... 4272 [GB], Arvidsson... 2849c [GB], Arvidsson... 4202 [GB]
[Parmelia croceopustulata Kurok.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Sipman et al. (2009)
[Parmelia dactylifera Vain., Parmelia tiliacea var. leucina Müll. Arg.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005, as Hypotrachyna cf. dactylifera), Nöske et al. (2007, as Hypotrachyna cf. dactylifera)
[Parmelia degelii Hale]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009), Benítez et al (2012; as Hypotrachyna aff. degelii), Benítez et al. (2015); Benítez, A. 231 [HUTPL], Arvidsson... 372 [GB], Andersson, Lennart 1876 [GB], Arvidsson... 377 [GB], more...
[Parmelia dentella Hale & Kurok., Parmelia laevigata var. ceratina Müll. Arg.]
source: Mandl (2007; as H. cf. dentella), Cevallos Solórzano (2012); Arvidsson... 378 [GB]
[Parmelia eitenii Hale]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 235 [HUTPL]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
the description in Yánez-Ayabaca (2009) discusses that specimens assigned to this taxon are chemically identical and morphologically similar both to H. meyeri (described from Ecuador) and H. sinuosa (reported from Ecuador). Hale (1975) suggested that H. meyeri and H. sinuosa were synonymous, whereas Swinscow & Krog (1979) believed the two taxa were distinct species, distinguished by location and shape of their soralia. Without molecular evidence it seems premature to formally describe yet another morphotype, H. everniusnica, also distinguished only by the shape of its soralia, as a new species, source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009)
[Parmelia flava Kremp. nom. illegit., Parmelia flava f. flava Kremp. nom. illegit., Parmelia flava var. flava Kremp. nom. illegit., Parmelia flavida Zahlbr.]
source: Sipman et al. (2009)
[Hypotrachyna subsplendens Kurok. & K.H. Moon, Parmelia gondylophora Hale]
source: Sipman et al. (2009), van den Boom et al. (2022); Arvidsson... 3758 [GB]
[Parmelia dissecta Nyl., Parmelia horrescens Taylor, Parmelia laevigata f. dissecta (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Parmelia laevigata subsp. dissecta (Nyl.) Nyl., Parmelia saxatilis f. horrescens (Taylor) Stizenb., Parmelina dissecta (Nyl.) Hale, Parmelina horrescens (Taylor) Hale, Parmelinopsis horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale, Usnea horrescens (Taylor) Motyka]
[Parmelia immaculata Kurok.]
source: Sipman et al. (2009), Mandl (2007); Arvidsson... 3998 [GB], Arvidsson... 1225 [GB]
[Parmelia fragilis Lynge, Parmelia intercalanda Vain.]
source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009)
Holotype GB, Arvidsson et al. 5880, source: Sipman et al. (2009); Arvidsson, L.... 5880 [GB]
[Cetrariastrum andense Kärnefelt ex Sipman, Everniastrum andense Kärnefelt nom. inval.]
non Hypotrachyna andensis Hale, source: Culberson & Culberson (1981; as Cetrariastrum andense Kärnefelt ex Sipman), Kärnefelt (1980); M. López-Figueiras... 31880 [S]
[Imbricaria laevigata (Sm.) Arnold, Lichen laevigatus Sm., Parmelia boliviana var. cephalota Zahlbr., Parmelia laevigata (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia laevigata f. furfuracea Müll.Arg., Parmelia laevigata f. laevigata (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia laevigata f. luteoreagens Degel., Parmelia laevigata f. roseoreagens Degel., Parmelia laevigata f. sorediata Zahlbr., Parmelia laevigata subsp. extremi-orientalis Asahina, Parmelia laevigata subsp. laevigata (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia laevigata var. laevigata (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia laevigata var. obscuratella Müll.Arg., Parmelia laevigata var. tropica Zahlbr., Parmelia laevigata var. xanthomyela (Nyl.) Boistel, Parmotrema laevigatum (Sm.) M. Choisy]
[Everniastrum latilobum Sipman]
Holotype US, Andersson 4695, source: Sipman (1992), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); L. Arvidsson... 4695 [US], Arvidsson, L.... 4695 [GB]
[Hypotrachyna perexigua Marcelli & C.H. Ribeiro, Parmelia livida Taylor, Parmelia osseoalbida Lynge]
source: Sipman et al. (2009); Andersson, Lennart 1893 [GB]
[Cetrariastrum mexicanum Egan, Everniastrum mexicanum (Egan ex W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) Sipman]
[Parmelia meyeri Zahlbr.]
Typification: Meyer 338; Meyer 365 Paquios: Auf der Erde zwischen Moosen und anderen Erdflechten" bei 3800 m Seehöhe [Nr. 338J. Chimborazo: An gleichen Standorten" bei 4800 m Seehöhe [Nr. 365]., source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009), van den Boom (2022); Arvidsson... 7072 [GB], Arvidsson... 6263 [GB]
[Hypotrachyna angustissima Marcelli & C.H. Ribeiro, Parmelia endorubra f. imbricatiformis Gyeln., Parmelia jamaicensis Vain. nom. illegit., Parmelia norstictica Hale, Parmelia pseudorevoluta Gyeln., Parmelia revoluta f. isidiosa Müll. Arg.]
source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Mandl (2007), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Paroly & Kürschner (2004), Nöske et al. (2007); M. Lindström... 2385 [ASU], T.H. Nash III 23809 [ASU], M. Lindström 2800 [ASU], M. Lindström 2389 [ASU], more...
[Parmelia hubrichtii E.C. Berry, Parmelia minarum Vain., Parmelina minarum (Vain.) Skorepa, Parmelinopsis minarum (Vain.) Elix & Hale]
[Parmelia monilifera Kurok.]
source: Sipman et al. (2009); K. Kalb 18388 [WIS]
[Cetrariastrum nepalense (Taylor) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Everniastrum nepalense (Taylor) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia nepalensis Taylor]
problematic; an exsiccati specimen collected and identified by Asplund #82 as Parmelia confusa [Lichenes Austroamericani ex herbario Regnelliano (Santesson, Lich. Austroamer. Herb. Regnelliano [Stockholm] #355)] in WIS has been annotated by Hale as Parmelia nepalense, the specimen in S is also identified as such, but a specimen in O is annotated as Parmotrema confusum; none of these names are synonymous; Erik Asplund 1939-06-09 [LD], Erik Asplund 82 [S]
[Cetrariastrum nigrociliatum (B. de Lesd.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Everniastrum nigrociliatum (B. de Lesd.) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia imitata Hale & M. Wirth, Parmelia nigrociliata B. de Lesd.]
Holotype LOJA, Nöske 59, source: Nöske et al. (2007), Sipman et al. (2009)
[Parmelia palmarum Lynge nom. inval.]
source: Sipman et al. (2009)
Holotype PRA, Palice 8487, source: Lumbsch et al. (2011)
Holotype PRA, Palice 8487b, source: Lumbsch et al. (2011)
[Parmelia peruviana Nyl.]
source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Parmelia boliviana Nyl., Parmelia confusula Zahlbr., Parmelia digitata Lynge, Parmelia gracilis Müll. Arg. nom. illegit., Parmelia laevigata var. gracilis Müll. Arg., Parmelia physcioidea Nyl.]
source: Müller (1879; as Parmelia laevigata var. gracilis), Romeguère (1879; as Parmelia laevigata var. gracilis), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009), Mandl (2007); K. Kalb 18150 [WIS], L. Arvidsson & D. Nilson 1105 [US], Arvidsson... 6099 [GB], Arvidsson... 3328 [GB], more...
[Parmelia physodalica Hale]
source: Sipman et al. (2009)
[Parmelia producta (Hale) J.P. Dey]
source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009)
[Hypotrachyna rachista (Hale) Hale, Parmelia lobulifera var. sanguineoreagens Degel., Parmelia prolongata Kurok., Parmelia rachista Hale]
source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Benítez, A. 236 [HUTPL], Arvidsson... 1645 [GB], Arvidsson... 6965 [GB], Arvidsson... 4603 [GB], more...
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Sipman et al. (2009)
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilson 1965, source: Sipman et al. (2009); Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 1965 [GB]
[Parmelia reducens Nyl.]
source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Mandl (2007), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Nöske et al. (2007); L. Arvidsson 5973 [ASU], L. Arvidsson 6535 [ASU], I. L. Wiggins L-38948 [US], Benítez, A. 237 [HUTPL], more...
[Imbricaria revoluta (Flörke) Flot., Imbricaria sinuosa f. concentrica Arnold, Parmelia forsteri Leight., Parmelia laevigata var. forsteri (Leight.) Leight., Parmelia quercina var. erratica (Linds.) Hillmann, Parmelia revoluta Flörke, Parmelia revoluta f. foliolifera Erichsen, Parmelia revoluta f. nuda Müll.Arg., Parmelia revoluta f. revoluta Flörke, Parmelia revoluta var. britannica (D. Hawksw. & P. James) V. Wirth, Parmelia revoluta var. concentrica (Arnold) Cromb., Parmelia revoluta var. erratica (Linds.) Zahlbr., Parmelia revoluta var. granulata Harm., Parmelia revoluta var. minor Harm., Parmelia revoluta var. revoluta Flörke, Parmelia sinuosa var. erratica Linds., Parmelia sinuosa var. excentrica Mudd]
source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Sipman et al. (2009), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); R. C. Harris 17136B [NY], Benítez, A. 238 [HUTPL], Arvidsson... 7283 [GB], Arvidsson... 1508 [GB], more...
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Spielmann, A.A. 10586 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8149 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6825 [CDS]
[Imbricaria sinuosa (Sm.) Körb., Imbricaria sinuosa f. sinuosa (Sm.) Körb., Imbricaria sinuosa var. angustifolia Anzi, Imbricaria sinuosa var. latifolia Anzi, Imbricaria sinuosa var. sinuosa (Sm.) Körb., Lichen sinuosus Sm., Parmelia sinuosa (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia sinuosa var. hypothrix Nyl., Parmelia sinuosa var. sinuosa (Sm.) Ach.]
parasitized by Nesolechia oxyspora & Nigromacula uniseptata, source: Sklenář et al. (2010), Sipman et al. (2009), Etayo (2017), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); L. Arvidsson 6084 [ASU], L. Arvidsson 6104 [ASU], K. Kalb 18658 [WIS], K. Kalb 19101 [WIS], more...
[Cetrariastrum sorocheilum (Vain.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Everniastrum sorocheilum (Vain.) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia sorocheila Vain., Parmelia sorocheila var. catawbiense Degel., Parmelia sorocheila var. sorocheila Vain.]
[Parmelia spumosa Asahina, Parmelina spumosa (Asahina) Hale, Parmelinopsis spumosa (Asah.) Elix & Hale]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Parmelia subfatiscens Kurok., Parmelina subfatiscens (Kurok.) Hale, Parmelinopsis subfatiscens (Kurok.) Elix & Hale]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, previously as Parmelinopsis spumosa (Asahina) Elix & Hale, but different chemistry; Aptroot, A. 63316 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65593 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65594 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63931 [CDS], more...
[Parmelia subphysodalica Hale]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Cetrariastrum subplanum (Sipman) Kurok., Everniastrum subplanum Sipman]
source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009); Aptroot, A. 63652 [CDS]
[Parmelia swinscowii Hale, Parmelina swinscowii (Hale) Hale, Parmelinopsis swinscowii (Hale) Elix & Hale]
[Parmelia revoluta f. rugosa (Taylor) Hillmann, Parmelia revoluta var. rugosa Cromb., Parmelia rugosa Taylor, Parmelia rugosa var. lundensis Fr., Parmelia rugosa var. rugosa Taylor, Parmelia taylorensis M.E. Mitch.]
source: Yánez-Ayabaca (2009)
[Cetrariastrum vexans Zahlbr. ex W.L. Culb. & C. F. Culb., Everniastrum vexans (Zahlbr. ex W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) Hale ex Sipman, Parmelia vexans Zahlbr. nom. inval.]
source: Weber (1981, 1986), Culberson & Culberson (1981) , Sipman (1992), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Paroly & Kürschner (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009); T.H. Nash III 23803 [ASU], William A. Weber 1976-05-10 [BRY], D. Ugent [J] [WIS], D. Ugent K [WIS], more...
Holotype LOJA, Nöske 60, source: Nöske et al. (2007), Sipman et al. (2009)
[Illosporium carneum Fr., Illosporium roseum var. roseum Mart., Lepra carnea Ehrh., Lepra rosea (Schreb.) Willd., Lepraria rosea (Schreb.) Ach., Lichen roseus Schreb., Parmelia rosea (Schreb.) Lyngb., Parmelia rosea f. rosea Gyeln., Tubercularia rosea (Schreb.) Pers., Tubercularia rosea var. carnea (Ehrh.) Pers., Tubercularia rosea var. rosea (Schreb.) Pers.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20033 [hb. Etayo]
[Lichen terrestris Sm., Pyrenotea epigaea (Pers.) Spreng., Sphaeria epigaea Pers., Thrombium aoristoides I.M. Lamb, Thrombium epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr., Verrucaria epigaea (Pers.) Ach., Verrucaria epigaea var. epigaea (Pers.) Ach.]
[Bispora christiansenii D. Hawksw.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 65198 B [CDS]
[Japewia carrollii (Coppins & P. James) Tønsberg, Japewia tavaresiana (H. Magn.) Coppins & A.M. Coppins nom. inval., Japewiella carrollii (Coppins & P. James) Printzen, Lecidea carrollii Coppins & P. James, Lecidea tavaresiana H. Magn.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 64428 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4490 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3791 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64729 [CDS]
[Polyblastia geminella (Nyl.) Trevis., Polyblastiopsis geminella (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Polyblastiopsis rappii Zahlbr., Thelenella geminella (Nyl.) Vain., Verrucaria geminella Nyl.]
[Abrothallus talcophilus (Ach.) A. Massal., Buellia talcophila (Ach.) Körb., Lecidea talcophila Ach., Mycoblastus talcophilus (Ach.) Trevis., Poetschia talcophila (Ach.) Stein]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Diploschistes sp., Diploschistes muscorum and Trapelia sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25526 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 27039 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25605 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 27033 [hb. Etayo]
[Sphaeromma mazosiae H.B.P. Upadhyay, 1964]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Mazosia phyllosema, source: Lücking (1999), Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Porina subepiphylla, source: Etayo (2017)
[Acanthostigma peltigerae (Fuckel) G. Winter, Capronia peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw., Enchnosphaeria peltigerae (Fuckel) Sacc., Herpotrichiella peltigerae (Fuckel) D. Hawksw., Trichosphaeria peltigerae Fuckel]
[Aspicilia leucophyma (Leight.) Hue, Aspicilia leucophyma var. leucophyma (Leight.) Hue, Aspicilia leucophyma var. littoralis (Vain.) Räsänen, Lecanora leucophyma Leight., Lecanora wimmeriana (Körb.) Poetsch, Zeora wimmeriana Körb.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 64942 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4456 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65691 [CDS]
[Caloplaca aphanotripta (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca griseovirens (A.L. Sm.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca isidiosissimus Breuss, Lecanora aphanotripta Nyl., Placodium aphanotriptum (Nyl.) Eckfeldt, Placodium griseovirens A.L. Sm.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2020b); Bungartz, F. 4100 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64874 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4051 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65085 [CDS]
[Callopisma aurantiacum f. epiphora (Lightf.) Müll. Arg., Callopisma aurantiacum f. epiphorum (Taylor) Müll. Arg., Caloplaca aurantiaca f. epiphora (Taylor) Zahlbr., Caloplaca epiphora (Taylor) Dodge, Caloplaca epiphora var. epiphora (Taylor) C.W. Dodge, Caloplaca epiphora var. fuscescens C.W. Dodge, Lecanora epiphora Taylor]
[Lopadium arachnoideum (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Phlyctis arachnoidea Kremp., Sporopodium leprieurii var. arachnoideum (Kremp.) Vain.]
[Lecidea stephanella Nyl., Lopadium stephanellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 63395 E [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64525 A [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63869 [CDS]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Agonimia foliacea, endolichenic fungus known only from DNA sequences; the names of the genus and species are formally invalid because the Code requires deposition of physical specimens and not just DNA sequences as types, source: Lücking & Moncada (2017), Diederich (2022)
[Lecanactis subattingens (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Platygrapha subattingens Nyl., Schismatomma subattingens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
parasitized by Chaenothecopsis brevipes, source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 6676 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-294 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1869 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10182 [CDS], more...
[Biatora cyrtella (Ach.) Mann, Biatorina cyrtella (Ach.) Körb., Biatorina sambucina Körb., Bilimbia anomala Mudd, Bilimbia cyrtella (Ach.) Branth & Rostr., Lecania cyrtella subsp. cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr., Lecania sambucina (Körb.) Arnold, Lecaniella cyrtella (Ach.) Jatta, Lecaniella sambucina (Körb.) Jatta, Lecanora cyrtella (Ach.) Röhl., Lecidea cyrtella Ach., Lecidea cyrtella subsp. cyrtella Ach., Lecidea cyrtella subsp. heeri (Hepp ex A. Massal.) Nyl., Lecidea cyrtella subsp. heerii (Hepp ex A. Massal.) Nyl., Lichen cyrtellus (Ach.) Sm., Patellaria cyrtella (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Sporoblastia cyrtella (Ach.) Trevis.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Bacidia circumpallens (Nyl.) Arnold, Bacidia siberiensis (Willey) Zahlbr., Bacidia sibiriensis (Willey) Zahlbr., Bacidia subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Bilimbia subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Bilimbia subfuscula f. frigida Th. Fr., Bilimbia subfuscula f. subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Lecidea circumpallens Nyl., Lecidea subfuscula Nyl.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Opegrapha brattiae Egea & Ertz]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Ertz & Tehler (2010); Aptroot, A. 64983 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11608 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-270 A [CDS]
[Lecanactis nashii Egea & Torrente, Opegrapha hassei Zahlbr., Opegrapha hypothallina (Zahlbr.) Tehler, Platygrapha hypothallina Zahlbr., Schismatomma hypothallinum (Zahlbr.) Hasse]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Aptroot & Sparrius (2008); Bungartz, F. 3822 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3601 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3824 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64394 [CDS], more...
[Lecanactis illecebrosula (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Opegrapha illecebrosula Müll.Arg.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 38 [HUTPL]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Rocella gracilis (as: Roccella humboldtiana var. hypochromatica), Holotype KOELN 35310, source: Follmann & Werner (2003)
[Lecanactis microcarpella (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Opegrapha microcarpella Müll.Arg.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 9399 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9604 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4483 [CDS], Nugra, F. 111 [CDS]
[Lecanora albella f. albella (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora albella subsp. albella (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora albella var. albella (Pers.) Ach., Lecanora albella var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo) Lumbsch, Lecanora pallida var. rubescens Imshaug & Brodo, Lecanora subalbella Nyl., Lecanora subfusca f. albella (Pers.) Leight., Lichen albellus Pers., Lichen pallidus Schreb., Parmelia albella (Pers.) Ach., Parmelia pallida var. albella (Pers.) Schaer., Psora albella (Pers.) Hampe, Rinodina albella (Pers.) Gray, Verrucaria albella (Pers.) Hoffm.]
source: Návas (1908), Cevallos Solórzano (2012), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Lecanora piniperda Körb., Lecanora piniperda f. detrusa (Th. Fr.) Hedl., Lecanora piniperda f. nigrescens Hedl., Lecanora piniperda f. piniperda Körb., Lecanora piniperda f. polita Hedl., Lecanora piniperda subsp. piniperda Körb., Lecanora piniperda subsp. sarcopisoides (A. Massal.) Hedl., Lecanora piniperda var. glaucella (Flot.) Körb., Lecanora piniperda var. ochrostoma (Hepp) Körb., Lecanora piniperda var. piniperda Körb., Lecanora piniperda var. prorumpens Erichsen]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Lecanora subfusca Müll.Arg., Lecanora subfusca f. alboflavescens (A. Massal.) Jatta, Lecanora subfusca f. allophana Ach., Lecanora subfusca f. aspicilioides Harm., Lecanora subfusca f. conferta Hillmann, Lecanora subfusca f. cretacea Malbr., Lecanora subfusca f. dispersa Hillmann, Lecanora subfusca f. expansa (Ach.) Zahlbr., Lecanora subfusca f. exuta Nyl., Lecanora subfusca f. flavescens Sommerf., Lecanora subfusca f. melacarpoides Zahlbr., Lecanora subfusca f. paupera Th. Fr., Lecanora subfusca f. pinastri (Schaer.) Cromb., Lecanora subfusca f. sorediella Arnold, Lecanora subfusca f. spodophaeoides Leight., Lecanora subfusca f. sublactea Harm., Lecanora subfusca f. transcendens Nyl., Lecanora subfusca var. albella (Pers.) Fr., Lecanora subfusca var. albidolutescens Tuck., Lecanora subfusca var. anomala Meyen & Flot., Lecanora subfusca var. argentata Ach., Lecanora subfusca var. atrynea Ach., Lecanora subfusca var. biatorea Nyl., Lecanora subfusca var. bryophila Schaer., Lecanora subfusca var. campestris (Schaer.) Rabenh., Lecanora subfusca var. castanea Meyen & Flot., Lecanora subfusca var. cenisia Stizenb., Lecanora subfusca var. chlarothera (Nyl.) Vain., Lecanora subfusca var. circumplumescens Nyl., Lecanora subfusca var. compacta Müll.Arg., Lecanora subfusca var. conjugens Müll.Arg., Lecanora subfusca var. distans (Pers.) D. Dietr., Lecanora subfusca var. duplicata Tuck., Lecanora subfusca var. excrescens Hillmann, Lecanora subfusca var. flavescens Sommerf., Lecanora subfusca var. geographica A. Massal., Lecanora subfusca var. glebulosa Flot., Lecanora subfusca var. hypnorum (Wulfen) Schaer., Lecanora subfusca var. innovata Hillmann, Lecanora subfusca var. lecideoides Nyl., Lecanora subfusca var. margaritacea Körb., Lecanora subfusca var. melaleuca Müll.Arg., Lecanora subfusca var. melanocardia Tuck., Lecanora subfusca var. mesophana Nyl., Lecanora subfusca var. minor Müll.Arg., Lecanora subfusca var. orbicularis A. Massal. ex Bagl., Lecanora subfusca var. pallidevirens Meyen & Flot., Lecanora subfusca var. pelidnocarpa Mont., Lecanora subfusca var. rufa (Weiss) Ach., Lecanora subfusca var. subcrenulata Vain., Lecanora subfusca var. subgranulata Nyl., Lecanora subfusca var. testaceopallida Müll.Arg., Lecanora subfusca var. variolosa Körb.]
problematic, no modern record, the name Lecanora allophana (Ach.) Nyl. is now considered a synonym of L. albella (Pers.) Ach., but Guderley (1999) does not report that species and it is not clear what the records in Lecanora subfusca var. allophana in Návas (1908) and of L. subfusca in Diels (1937) corresponds to, source: Návas (1908; as Lecanora subfusca var. allophana), Diels (1937; as Lecanora subfusca))
[Lecanora subfusca f. argentata (Ach.) Flot., Lecanora subfuscata H. Magn., Lecanora subfuscata f. geographica (Flagey) Szatala, Lecanora subfuscata f. lignicola Szatala, Lecanora subfuscata f. melacarpa (Harm.) Szatala, Lecanora subfuscata f. subfuscata H. Magn., Lecanora subfuscata f. variolosa (Körb.) Grummann, Lecanora subfuscata var. excrescens (Hillmann) Hillmann, Lecanora subfuscata var. rhododendri Poelt, Lecanora subfuscata var. subfuscata H. Magn., Lecanora subfuscata var. variolosa Körb., Parmelia subfusca var. argentata Ach., Urceolaria acharii var. argentata Ach.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. 2020
[Lecidea chilena Zahlbr.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986), Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 10228 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6312 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6411 [CDS]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 8178 [CDS 40824], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Truong, C. 1174 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8177 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8178 [CDS]
[Lecanora australiensis Zahlbr., Lecanora caesiorubella subsp. caesiorubella Ach., Lecanora cancriformis (Hoffm.) Vain., Lecanora leucoma Nyl., Lecanora pallida var. caesiorubella (Ach.) H. Magn., Lecanora pulverata Stirt., Parmelia caesiorubella (Ach.) Fr., Patellaria caesiorubella (Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria cancriformis Hoffm.]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 6596 [CDS 34816], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Aptroot, A. 65719 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64536 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8980 B [CDS], Ertz, D. 11778 [CDS], more...
[Lecanora chlarotera f. crassula (H. Magn.) Poelt, Lecanora crassula H. Magn., Lecanora distincta var. chlarona Ach., Lecanora subfusca var. chlarona (Ach.) Ach.]
source: Návas (1908; as Lecanora subfusca var. chlarona), Guderley (1999), Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 242 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 40 [HUTPL], Lindström... 2459 [GB]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 4859 [CDS 29055], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 4859 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65570 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4852 [CDS]
source: Guderley (1999), Cevallos (2012), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 243 [HUTPL], Arvidsson... 5701 [GB]
[Lecanora albellaria Müll.Arg., Lecanora alligata Stirt.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 245 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 41 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 246 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 244 [HUTPL]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 6432 [CDS 34647], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 6432 [CDS]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 247 [HUTPL]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 7008 [CDS 36515], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 8171 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5249 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7420 C [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7008 [CDS]
[Aspicilia oreinoides Körb., Carbonea oreinoides (Körb.) Brusse, Lecidea angolensis Müll.Arg., Lecidea angolensis var. angolensis Müll.Arg., Lecidea angolensis var. orientalis J. Steiner, Lecidea angolensis var. riograndensis Malme, Lecidea angolensis var. vegetior Zahlbr., Lecidea lactea f. oreinoides (Körb.) Nyl., Lecidea mundula Müll.Arg., Lecidea oreinoides (Körb.) Hochst, Lecidea pantherina f. oreinoides (Körb.) Zahlbr., Lecidea tennessensis Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986), Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 7271 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10205 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6781 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9964 [CDS], more...
[Lecanora albella var. praeferenda Nyl., Lecanora subfusca var. praeferenda (Nyl.) Stizenb.]
source: Guderley (1999), Cevallos Solórzano (2012); K. Kalb 18286 [WIS], K. Kalb 19479 [WIS], K. Kalb 19115 [WIS]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 6563 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5633 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6636 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9509 [CDS]
endemic to Galapagos, Type: Ecuador. Galápagos: Isla Santa Cruz, just E of Darwin Station, Academy Bay, exposed point, just above high tide mark, on rock, 10-Apr-1967, Weber, W.A. & Lanier, J. s.n. [COLO 297761 (L-63675) – holotype!; further isotypes also distributed as Weber, Lich. Exs. [Boulder (Colorado)] no. 500], source: Weber (1981, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 6933 [CDS], Nugra, F. 484 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4821 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9101 [CDS], more...
[Lecanora conizaea f. strobilina (Spreng.) H. Olivier, Lecanora conizaea var. strobilina (Spreng.) Flagey, Lecanora strobilina Ach. nom. illegit., Lecanora strobilina Ach., Lecanora symmicta f. strobilina (Spreng.) H. Olivier, Lecanora varia f. strobilina (Spreng.) Flagey, Lecanora varia var. strobilina (Spreng.) Th. Fr., Parmelia strobilina Spreng.]
in Guderley (1999) erroneoulsy cited from the Galapagos, but the specimens were collected in Cotopaxi National Park (hb. Kricke), source: Guderley (1999), van den Boom et al. (2022)
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 7617 [CDS]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Aptroot, A. 64893 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65154 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7600 [CDS]
[Aspicilia subimmersa (Fée) Hue, Aspicilia subimmersa subsp. subimmersa (Fée) Hue, Lecanora laevissima C. Knight, Lecidea leioplaca Müll.Arg., Lecidea subimmersa Fée, Lecidea wilsonii Räsänen]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Guderley (1999), Bungartz et al. (2020); Nugra, F. 904 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6311 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8451 [CDS]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022; as Lecanora aff. subravida)
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 7343 [CDS]
[Lecanora sulphurescens Fée]
source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Guderley (1999), Weber (1986), Bungartz et al. (2020); Aptroot, A. 63709 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63093 [CDS]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Aptroot 65410 [CDS 31996], source: Bungartz et al. (2020); Bungartz, F. 4860 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65410 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65588 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65401 [CDS]
[Lecanora varia var. denigrata Mudd, Patellaria varia Hoffm.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 248 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 25851 [hb. Etayo]
problematic, name not resolved; Type: Ecuador. Chimborazo: Auf abgestorbenen Moospolstern, bei 5300 m Seehöhe [Nr. 400; W – ?holotype, according to Zahlbruckner (1905, p. 76)], source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907; as Lecidea [sect. Eulecidia] andina)
[Lecidea confoederans Nyl., Lecidea phylliscocarpa Nyl.]
[Lecidea auriculata var. brachyspora (Th. Fr.) Lettau, Lecidea brachyspora Th. Fr. nom. illegit [non. Müll. Arg. ]]
parasitized by Muellerella erratica, source: Etayo (2017; as Lecidea brachyspora, an illegitimate name preceded by Lecidea brachyspora Müll. Arg. (= Karschia brachyspora))
[Biatora fumosa (Hoffm.) Hepp, Biatora livescens (Leight.) Walt. Watson, Lecidea cechumena Ach., Lecidea cechumena var. cechumena Ach., Lecidea fumosa (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecidea fumosa f. fumosa (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecidea fumosa f. symphicarpea Hazsl., Lecidea fumosa var. deusta, Lecidea fumosa var. fumosa (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecidea fumosa var. mosigii Ach., Lecidea fumosa var. nitida Schaer., Lecidea fumosa var. ocellulata Schaer., Lecidea fumosa var. polygonia Flot., Lecidea fuscoatra f. mosigii (Ach.) Nyl., Lecidea fuscoatra var. fuscoatra (L.) Ach., Lecidea livescens Leight., Lecidea prostratula Stirt., Lichen cechumenus (Ach.) Sm., Lichen cechumenus var. cechumenus (Ach.) Sm., Lichen fuscoater L., Patellaria fumosa (Hoffm.) Hoffm., Patellaria fuscoatra (L.) DC., Placodium fumosum (Hoffm.) Link, Psora fumosa (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Psora fumosa var. fumosa (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Psora fumosa var. turgida Anzi, Psora prostratula (Stirt.) Walt. Watson, Verrucaria fumosa Hoffm.]
problematic, name not resolved; Type: Ecuador. Chimborazo: Auf humöser Erde und über abgestorbenen Moosen, bei 5300 m Seehöhe [Nr. 316, 317, 403, 405; W – syntypes, according to Zahlbruckner (1905, p. 75), needs lectotypification], source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907; as Lecidea [sect. Biatora] polytropoides)
[Lecidea achristotera Nyl.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Lecidea alienata Nyl., Lecidea asema Nyl., Lecidea catalinaria Stizenb., Lecidea effugiens Nilson, Lecidea elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Flagey, Lecidea parasema var. elaeochromoides Nyl., Lecidea polyantha Taylor ex Leight., Lecidea subincongrua Nyl., Lecidea subincongrua f. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) H. Magn., Lecidea subincongrua f. subincongrua Nyl., Lecidea subincongrua var. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Poelt, Lecidea subincongrua var. subincongrua Nyl., Lecidea vulgata f. effugiens (Nilson) Zahlbr., Lecidella asema var. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Nimis & Tretiach, Lecidella elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel, Lecidella polyantha Taylor ex Leight., Lecidella subincongrua var. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert, Lithographa larbalestieri Leight.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 65671 B [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3564 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4059 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4873 [CDS], more...
[Lecidea enterochlora Taylor, Lecidea parasema var. prasinula Wedd., Lecidea prasinula (Wedd.) B. de Lesd., Lecidea prasinula f. major B. de Lesd., Lecidea prasinula f. prasinula (Wedd.) B. de Lesd., Lecidea scabra Taylor, Lecidea scabra f. scabra Taylor, Lecidella prasinula (Wedd.) Hertel 1980]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 4171 [CDS]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 8155 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5843 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6848 [CDS]
[Cephalotrichum phillipsii (Berk. & Leight.) S. Hughes, Doratomyces phillipsii (Berk. & Leight.) F.J. Morton & G. Sm., Periconia phillipsii Berk. & Leight., Sporocybe phillipsii (Berk. & Leight.) Sacc., Stysanus phillipsii (Berk. & Leight.) E.W. Mason & M.B. Ellis]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on soil with algae, source: Etayo (2017)
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson(2004), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); Z. Palice 3806 dupl. [BG], Benítez, A. 250 [HUTPL]
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson(2004), Nöske & Sipman (2004)
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilsson 1896, source: Jørgensen and Arvidsson (2004); Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 1896 [GB]
[Graphis diversa Nyl., Phaeographis exaltata (Mont. & v. d. Bosch) Müll.Arg.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 251 [HUTPL]
[Phaeographis hypomelaena Müll.Arg.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 5530 A [CDS]
[Arthonia patellula Fée, Graphis patellula (Fée) Nyl., Lecanactis patellula (Fée) Nyl., Phaeographis patellula (Fée) Müll.Arg.]
source: Staiger (2002), Cevallos Solórzano (2012)
[Glyphis sericea (Eschw.) Nyl., Graphis sericea (Eschw.) Nyl., Lecanactis sericea (Eschw.) Kremp., Lecanactis sericea var. sericea (Eschw.) Kremp., Leiogramma sericeum Eschw., Phaeographis sericea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg., Phaeographis sericea var. sericea (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.]
[Lecidea fennica Räsänen, Leciophysma fennicum Räsänen, Omphalaria intricata Arnold, Physma intricatum (Arnold) J. Steiner, Synalissa intricata (Arnold) Nyl., Synalissina intricata (Arnold) Nyl.]
source: Jørgensen and Palice (2015)
[Pannaria imbricatula Müll.Arg., Parmeliella imbricatula (Müll. Arg.) P.M. Jørg.]
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Cevallos Solórzano (2012)
[Pannaria mariana (Fr.) Müll.Arg., Pannaria mariana f. isidioidea Müll.Arg., Pannaria mariana f. mariana (Fr.) Müll.Arg., Pannaria mariana f. pulvinata (C.W. Dodge) Zahlbr., Pannaria mariana var. accolens (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Pannaria mariana var. curta Räsänen, Pannaria mariana var. isidioidea Müll.Arg., Pannaria mariana var. mariana (Fr.) Müll.Arg., Pannaria mariana var. radiata (Nyl.) Vain., Pannaria pannosa f. isidiophora Tuck., Pannaria pannosa f. pannosa Nyl., Pannaria pannosa var. accolens Stirt., Pannaria pannosa var. biatorina Tuck., Pannaria pannosa var. pannosa Nyl., Parmelia mariana Fr., Parmeliella mariana (Fr.) P.M. Jørg. & D. J. Galloway, Parmeliella mariana f. mariana (Fr.) P.M. Jørg. & D.J. Galloway]
source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Cevallos Solórzano (2012; as Parmeliella mariana); COLO-L-0083414 [COLO]
[Pannaria stylophora Vain., Parmeliella stylophora (Vain.) P.M. Jørg.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 7654 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8004 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11906 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7653 [CDS], more...
[Marfloraea erythrella (Müll. Arg.) S.Y. Kondr., Lőkös & Hur, Pertusaria erythrella Müll.Arg.]
source: Bungartz et al. (2015), van den Boom et al. (2022); Ertz, D. 11856 [CDS]
[Collema excludens (Nyl.) Räsänen, Marfloraea excludens (Nyl.) S.Y. Kondr., Lőkös & Hur, Pertusaria ceuthocarpa Fr., Pertusaria ceuthocarpa f. ceuthocarpa Fr., Pertusaria ceuthocarpa var. ceuthocarpa Fr., Pertusaria ceuthocarpoides Zahlbr., Pertusaria ceuthocarpoides var. ceuthocarpoides Zahlbr., Pertusaria dealbata var. excludens (Nyl.) Boistel, Pertusaria excludens Nyl., Pertusaria microsticta (Sm. & Sow.) Erichsen]
[Pertusaria gedehana Zahlbr.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Pertusaria leucosorodes Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Aptroot, A. 65035 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7439 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8543 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3287 [CDS], more...
[Pertusaria multipunctoides Dibben, Variolaria multipunctoides (Dibben) Lendemer, Hodk. & R.C. Harris]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 334 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 333 [HUTPL]
[Lepra oahuensis H. Magn. ex A.W. Archer & Elix nom. inval., Pertusaria oahuensis H. Magn. nom. inval.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2015); Aptroot, A. 64082 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5849 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8176 [CDS]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2013c); Ertz, D. 11579 [CDS]
[Leprocaulon albicans (Th. Fr.) Nyl. ex Hue, Stereocaulon albicans Th. Fr.]
[Leprocaulon arbuscula (Nyl.) Nyl., Stereocaulon arbuscula Nyl., Stereocaulon arbuscula var. aberrans Asahina, Stereocaulon arbuscula var. arbuscula Nyl.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007)
[Leprocaulon congestum (Nyl.) I.M. Lamb & A.M. Ward, Stereocaulon congestum Nyl.]
source: Mandl (2007), Cevallos Solórzano (2012; as Leprocaulon congestum), van den Boom et al. (2022), Marcano et al. (1997); K. Kalb 19120 [WIS], D. Ugent s.n. [WIS]
source: Guzow-Krzemińska et al. (2019)
[Crocynia aliciae Hue, Crocynia americana B. de Lesd., Crocynia andrewii B. de Lesd., Crocynia finkii B. de Lesd., Crocynia mollissima B. de Lesd.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2013c); Clerc, P. 08-228 [CDS], Truong, C. 1536 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64491 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-215 [CDS], more...
[Leprocaulon gracilescens (Nyl.) Lamb & Ward, Stereocaulon albicans var. gracillescens (Nyl.) C.W. Dodge, Stereocaulon gracilescens Nyl.]
source: Cevallos Solórzano (2012; as Leprocaulon gracilescens); Etayo, J. 27017 [hb. Etayo]
[Crocynia tephra Hue, Lecidea incana (L.) Ach., Lepra incana (L.) F.H. Wigg., Lepraria aeruginosa (Weiss) Sm., Patellaria incana (L.) Spreng., Pulveraria incana (L.) Flörke, Verrucaria incana (L.) P. Gaertn., G. Mey. & Scherb.]
preliminary identification, native, indigenous, not in the strict sense, but Lepraria aff. incana, source: Bungartz et al. (2013c; as Lepraria aff. incana); Bungartz, F. 3934 [CDS]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Hillmann GAL-10 [CDS 44773], source: Bungartz et al. (2013c); Nugra, F. 47 [CDS], Hillmann, G. GAL-10 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63130 [CDS]
[Leprocaulon tenellum Tuck., Stereocaulon tenellum Tuck.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, erroneoulsy listed as Stereocaulon albicans by Elix & McCarthy (1998); as "Lepraria tenellum" by Lendemer & Hodkinson (2013), erroneous use of gener for the the species' epithet according to Art. 23.5 Melbourne Code, source: Bungartz et al. (2013c), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Lendemer & Hodkinson (2013), Weber (1981, 1986); Ertz, D. 11962 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9510 [CDS], Hillmann, G. GAL-102 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65228 [CDS], more...
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004; as L. cf. umbricola, Nöske et al. (2007)
[Crocynia vouauxii Hue, Leproloma vouauxii (Hue) J. R. Laundon]
[Baeomyces nanus (Ach.) Hepp, Leprocaulon quisquiliare (Leers) M. Choisy, Lichen microscopicus Vill., Lichen nanus Ach., Lichen quisquiliaris Leers, Stereocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Frey., Stereocaulon quisquilare, Stereocaulon quisquiliare (Leers) Hoffm.]
source: Cevallos Solórzano (2012), Marcano et al. (1997)
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 63089 [CDS]
[Callopisma chrysodetum (Vain.) Räsänen, Caloplaca chrysodeta (Vain. ex Räsänen) Dombr., Placodium chrysodetum Vain.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2020b); Bungartz, F. 7595 [CDS]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium azureum and L. foveolatum, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25383 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20149 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25383 [QCAM]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 23448 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20053 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 20053 [QCAM]
[Ephebe byssoides Carrington, Leptodendriscum byssoides (Carrington) Vain., Leptodendriscum moorei (Hepp ex Leight.) Vain., Leptodendriscum neocaledonicum Vain., Leptogidiomyces dendrisci Cif. & Tomas., Leptogidium byssoides (Carrington) Zahlbr., Leptogidium delicatulum Vain., Leptogidium neocaledonicum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Leptogium dendriscum Nyl., Leptogium moorei Hepp ex Leight., Polychidium dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007)
[Polychidium stipitatum Vězda & W.A. Weber]
preliminary identification, F. Bungartz: material needs verification; Aptroot, A. 64649 [CDS], Dal-Forno, M. 1176 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64694 [CDS]
Holotype E, Spruce Lichenes Andini et Amazonici 125, source: Jørgensen (1975), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); F. R. Fosberg & M. Giler 22602 a [US], Etayo, J. 26340 [hb. Etayo]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
parasitized by Didymellopsis viridireagens, source: Etayo (2017), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); R.C. Harris 17113 [BG], Etayo, J. 25941 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17342 [hb. Etayo]
[Leptogium caesium var. austroamericanum (Malme) Zahlbr., Leptogium cyanescens var. austroamericanum Malme]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015, 2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 254 [HUTPL]
[Collema azureum (Sw.) Ach., Leptogium moluccanum var. azureum (Sw.) Asahina, Leptogium tremelloides var. azureum Nyl., Lichen azureus Sw., Parmelia azurea (Sw. ex Ach.) Ach.]
parasitized by Leptobarya aurantiicarpa, Stigmidium leptogii, Lichenopeltella leptogii, Pronectria hymeniicola, Pronectria leptogii, and Xenonectriella leptaleoides, source: Nöske et al. (2007), Bungartz (2008), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Etayo (2017), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Déleg at al. (2021), van den Boom et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 2087 [MSC], Culberson, William, L.... 20420 [DUKE], Culberson, William, L.... 20439 [DUKE], S. Itow [COLO], more...
[Collema ruginosum Dufour ex Schaer., Leptogiopsis brebissonii (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Leptogium ruginosum (Dufour ex Schaer.) Nyl., Lethagrium ruginosum (Dufour ex Schaer.) Bagl., Synechoblastus ruginosus (Dufour ex Schaer.) Hepp]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022), van den Boom et al. (2022); Erik Asplund L97 [S]
source: Leighton (1866), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Collema burgessii (L.) Ach., Leptogium burgesii (L.) Mont., Lichen burgessii L., Mallotium burgessii (L.) Gray, Parmelia burgessii (L.) Ach.]
parasitized by Pronectria leptogii, source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015; as Leptogium burnetii), Chuquimarca et al. (2019; as Leptogium burnetii), Etayo (2017; as Leptogium cf. burnetiae); Culberson, William, L.... 20529 [DUKE], Benítez, A. 257 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 26402 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25788 [hb. Etayo]
[Collema chloromelum (Ach.) Ach., Lichen chloromelos Sw., Lichen chloromelus (Ach.) Sw., Lichen chloromelus Sw. ex Ach. nom. inval., Parmelia chloromela Ach.]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 258 [HUTPL]
[Lichen cochleatus Dicks.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2012, 2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 259 [HUTPL]
[Leptogium diaphanum f. coralloideum Meyen & Flot., Parmelia coralloidea (Meyen & Flot.) Vain., Parmelia coralloidea var. coralloidea (Meyen & Flot.) Vain.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Culberson, William, L.... 20428 [DUKE], MacDougal, John 1959 [DUKE], Benítez, A. 260 [HUTPL], J. Etayo 17282 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Collema corticola Taylor]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), González et al. (2017b, 2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Culberson, William, L.... 20444 [DUKE], Culberson, William, L.... 20417 [DUKE], Benítez, A. 261 [HUTPL], Gunnar Harling 1882 [S]
[Collema cyanescens (Ach.) Rabenh., Collema tremelloides var. cyanescens Ach., Leptogium cyanizum Nyl. nom. illegit., Leptogium tremelloides var. cyanescens (Ach.) Hepp, Lichen cyanescens Pers., Parmelia cyanescens (Pers.) Ach., Stephanophorus cyanizum (Nyl.) Nyl., Verrucaria cyanescens (Pers.) Hoffm.]
source: Weber (1981), Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Bungartz (2008), Benítez et al. (2012), Benítez (2016), Etayo (2017), Miquel & Bungartz (2017), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); W.A. Weber 1976-04-16 [ASU], W.A. Weber L-40283 [ASU], Weber, W. A 130586 [MSC], Weber, W. 40283 [MIN], more...
Holotype GB, Andersson et al. 426, source: Lindström (2007); Andersson, L.... 426 [GB]
[Collema diaphanum (Sw.) Ach., Lichen diaphanus Sw., Lobaria diaphana (Sw.) Raeusch., Parmelia diaphana (Sw.) Ach., Patellaria diaphana (Sw.) Wallr.]
source: Müller (1879), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Culberson, William, L.... 20471 [DUKE], Benítez, A. 263 [HUTPL], Erik Asplund 288 [S]
[Stephanophorus digitatus A. Massal.]
Neotype: GB-0128178, Arvidsson 293; neotype selected by Jørgenssen (1973), source: Jørgenssen (1973), Jørgensen (1975; p 454: only mentioned in the key as occuring in Ecuador-Bolivia), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Kitaura & Marcelli (2013); Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 293 [GB]
Holotype NY, Brako 5236, source: Lindström (2007); L. Brako 5236 [NY]
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilson 1635, source: Jørgensen (1997), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); L. Arvidsson, D. Nilsson 1635 dupl. [BG], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 1635 [GB]
[Collema hildenbrandii Garov., Collema myochroum var. hildenbrandii (Garov.) Rabenh., Leptogiomyces hildenbrandii (Garov.) E.A. Thomas ex Cif. & Tomas.]
source: Davey (1999), Cevallos Solórzano (2012)
[Leptogium marginellum var. isidiosellum Riddle]
[Leptogium americanum Degel.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 264 [HUTPL], Gunnar Harling 1918 [S], Etayo, J. 25869 [hb. Etayo]
parasitized by Didymellopsis viridireagens, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 26013 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25841 [hb. Etayo]
[Collema marginellum (Sw.) Raeusch., Leptogium marginellum var. marginellum (Sw.) Gray, Lichen marginellus Sw., Parmelia marginella (Sw.) Ach.]
source: Dodge (1936), Weber (1966, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), LeDee (2000), Bungartz (2008), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 3707 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3683 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10374 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-19 [CDS], more...
[Collema menziesii (Sm.) Ach., Parmelia menziesii (Sm.) Ach.]
source: Roumeguère (1879), Müller (1879), Zahlbruckner (1907), Zahlbruckner (1905); COLO-L-0078553 [COLO]
source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); often erroneously cited as L. millegranum; Bungartz, F. 9498 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64223 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3894 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10424 [CDS], more...
[Leptogium hildenbrandii var. papillosum B. de Lesd.]
source: Arvidsson (1991), Cevallos (2012)
[Collema paramense P.M. Jørg. & Palice, Rostania paramensis (P.M. Jørg. & Palice) P.M. Jørg. & Palice, Scytinium paramense (P.M. Jørg. & Palice) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin]
source: Jørgensen & Palice (2012), Jørgensen & Palice (2015), Košuthová et al. (2019)
[Collema phyllocarpum Pers., Collema turneri Taylor ex Hook. f., Leptogium bullatum (Sw.) Mont., Leptogium bullatum f. phyllocarpum (Pers.) Tuck., Leptogium bullatum var. bullatum (Sw.) Mont., Leptogium phyllocarpum var. turneri (Taylor ex Hook. f.) Zahlbr., Stephanophorus phyllocarpum (Pers.) Mont.]
parasitized by Pronectria leptogii, Trichonectria leptogiicola, Stigmidium leptogii, Tremella leptogii and Xenonectriella leptaleoides, source: Müller (1879), Návas (1908), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Bungartz (2008), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Déleg et al. (2021), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); R. Rosentreter 13,342 [SRP], M. Acosta Solis 10985 [F], Culberson, William, L.... 20232 [DUKE], Culberson, William, L.... 20447 [DUKE], more...
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Müller (1879)
source: Cevallos Solórzano (2012); Etayo, J. 25656 [hb. Etayo]
[Leptogiopsis reticulata (Mont.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Andersson & Gradstein (2005), Cevallos (2012)
source: Cevallos (2012), Arvidsson (1991)
source: Cevallos Solórzano (2012), Lindström (2007)
Holotype GB, Andersson 1898, source: Lindström (2007); Andersson, L. 1898 [GB]
[Collema plicatum Pers., Collema tremelloides (L. f.) Ach., Collema tremelloides var. tremelloides (L. f.) Ach., Leptogium tremelloides f. tremelloides (L. f.) Gray, Leptogium tremelloides subsp. tremelloides (L. f.) Gray, Leptogium tremelloides var. tremelloides (L. f.) Gray, Parmelia tremelloides (L. f.) Ach.]
source: Müller (1879), Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907)
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilson 1767, source: Jørgensen (1997), Sklenář et al. (2010; as L. cf. velutinum); Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 1767 [GB], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 1767 [GB], Maria Prieto Ec-Lep_2010 [S], Etayo, J. 25707 [hb. Etayo]
[Leptogium bullatum var. vesiculosum (Sw.) Tuck., Lichen vesiculosus Sw., Lobaria vesiculosa (Sw.) Raeusch.]
[Leptotrema lepadodes var. lepadodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Thelotrema lepadodes Tuck., Thelotrema lepadodes subsp. lepadodes Tuck., Thelotrema lepadodes var. lepadodes Tuck.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Hillmann, G. GAL-20 [CDS]
[Bombyliospora domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr., Bombyliospora domingensis f. domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr., Bombyliospora domingensis var. aurantiaca Zahlbr., Bombyliospora domingensis var. boninensis Asahina, Bombyliospora domingensis var. colorata Vain., Bombyliospora domingensis var. coralloidea (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Bombyliospora domingensis var. domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr., Bombyliospora domingensis var. flavocrocea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bombyliospora domingensis var. glaucotropa Vain., Bombyliospora domingensis var. inexplicata (Nyl.) Malme, Bombyliospora domingensis var. inspersa J. Steiner, Heterothecium domingense (Pers.) Tuck., Lecanora domingensis (Pers.) Ach., Lecidea domingensis (Pers.) Nyl., Lecidea domingensis var. coralloidea (Müll. Arg.) Shirley, Lecidea domingensis var. inexplicata Nyl., Lopadium domingense (Pers.) Fink, Miltidea domingensis (Pers.) Stirt., Patellaria domingensis Pers., Patellaria domingensis var. coralloidea Müll.Arg., Patellaria domingensis var. domingensis Pers., Patellaria domingensis var. inexplicata (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Placodium domingense (Pers.) Vain.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Bombyliospora flavidula (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Lecanora flavidula (Tuck.) Nyl., Lecidea flavidula Tuck., Placodium flavidulum (Tuck.) Vain.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25482 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25435 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 19940, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19940 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 19940 [QCAM]
[Leptotrema compunctum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema compunctum f. compunctum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema compunctum f. portoricense (Vain.) Zahlbr., Leptotrema compunctum var. antillarum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Leptotrema compunctum var. compunctum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Leptotrema compunctum var. persicinum Müll.Arg., Leptotrema compunctum var. praiense (Vain.) Zahlbr., Leptotrema compunctum var. purpuratum Müll.Arg., Leptotrema occultum (Eschw.) Hale, Lichen compunctus Sm., Myriotrema compunctum (Ach.) Hale, Myriotrema occultum (Eschw.) Hale, Thelotrema compunctum (Sm.) Nyl., Thelotrema compunctum f. compunctum (Sm.) Nyl., Thelotrema compunctum f. portoricense Vain., Thelotrema compunctum var. antillarum Vain., Thelotrema compunctum var. compunctum (Sm.) Nyl., Thelotrema compunctum var. praiense Vain., Thelotrema compunctum var. purpuratum (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Thelotrema occultum Eschw., Tremotyliomyces occulti Cif. & Tomas., Urceolaria compuncta (Sm. ex Ach.) Ach.]
[Diploschistes diffractus (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes diffractus f. diffractus (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes diffractus f. saxicola (Kremp.) Zahlbr., Leptotrema diffractum Müll.Arg., Leptotrema polycarpum Müll. Arg., Leptotrema subcompunctum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Myriotrema subcompunctum (Nyl.) Hale, Thelotrema subcompunctum Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 8674 [CDS], Herrera-Campos, M.A. GAL-494 [CDS], Truong, C. 1530 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8666 [CDS], more...
[Anaptychia appalachensis Kurok., Heterodermia appalachensis (Kruok.) W.L. Culb.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Nugra, F. 86 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8501 [CDS]
[Anaptychia boryi (Fée) Mass., Anaptychia boryi var. boryi (Fée) A. Massal., Anaptychia neoleucomelaena Kurok., Anaptychia neoleucomelaena f. neoleucomelaena Kurok., Anaptychia neoleucomelaena f. sorediosa (Jatta) Kurok., Anaptychia neoleucomelaena f. squarrosa (Vain.) Kurok., Anaptychia neoleucomelaena var. neoleucomelaena Kurok., Anaptychia neoleucomelaena var. squarrosa (Vain.) Kurok., Heterodermia boryi (Fée) Kr.P. Singh & S.R. Singh, Heterodermia boryi f. boryi (Fée) Kr.P. Singh & S.R. Singh, Heterodermia leucomelaena subsp. boryi (Fée) Swinscow & Krog, Heterodermia leucomelos subsp. boryi (Fée) Swinscow & Krog]
parasitized by Stigmidium heterodermiae & Syzygospora physciacearum , source: Etayo (2017); W.L. Culberson 20267 [ASU], Culberson, William, L.... 20504 [DUKE], Culberson, William, L.... 20255 [DUKE], Culberson, William, L.... 20268 [DUKE], more...
[Anaptychia leucomelaena f. circinalis Zahlbr., Anaptychia leucomelos f. circinalis Zahlbr., Anaptychia neoleucomelaena f. circinalis (Zahlbr.) Kurok., Heterodermia boryi f. circinalis (Zahlbr.) J.C. Wei, Heterodermia circinalis (Zahlbr.) W.A. Weber, Heterodermia neoleucomelaena f. circinalis (Zahlbr.) Follmann & Redón]
Typification: Meyer 397; Meyer 399; Type from Ecuador, but typification not determined, source: Zahlbruckner (1905), Nöske et al. (2007); Weber (1981), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007); Bungartz, F. 7542 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5801 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65123 [CDS], Nugra, F. 173 B [CDS], more...
[Anaptychia 'leucomelaena' (L.) Vain., Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Vain., Anaptychia leucomelaena f. leucomelaena, Anaptychia leucomelos (L.) Vain., Anaptychia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) A. Massal., Borrera leucomelos (L.) Ach., Hagenia leucomelos (L.) Schwend., Heterodermia leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelaena f. leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelaena subsp. leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelaena var. leucomelaena (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos f. leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos subsp. leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Heterodermia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) Poelt, Lichen leucomelos L., Lobaria leucomelos (L.) Raeusch., Parmelia leucomelos (L.) Ach., Parmelia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) Ach., Parmelia speciosa var. leucomelos (L.) Eschw., Physcia leucomelos (L.) Michx., Physcia leucomelos f. leucomelos (L.) Michx., Physcia leucomelos var. leucomelos (L.) Michx., Physcia speciosa var. leucomelos (L.) Tuck., Teloschistes leucomelos (L.) A. Schneid., Xanthoria leucomelos (L.) Horw.]
parasitized by Abrothallus heterodermiicola, Nectriopsis lichenophila, Arthonia heterodermiae, Hyalopeziza heterodermiae, Lichenoconium cf. echinosporum, Lichenopeltella heterodermiae, & Didymocyrtis epiphyscia, source: Romeguère (1879), Davey (1999), Nöske (2005), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Mandl (2007), Nöske et al. (2007), Moberg (2011), Ochoa-Jiménez et al. (2015), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Etayo (2017), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Asplund, E 66 [MSC], Lawrence H. Pike 2621 [OSC], Lawrence H. Pike 2700 [OSC], W.A. Weber s.n. [WIS], more...
[Anaptychia albociliata (Nyl.) Vain., Anaptychia leucomelos f. albociliata (Nyl.) Hue, Anaptychia ophioglossa f. albociliata (Nyl.) Kurok., Heterodermia leucomelaena f. albociliata (Nyl.) D.D. Awasthi, Heterodermia leucomelos f. albociliata (Nyl.) D.D. Awasthi, Physcia leucomelos f. albociliata Nyl.]
[Anaptychia leucomelos var. vulgaris Vain., Anaptychia vulgaris (Vain.) Kurok., Heterodermia vulgaris (Vain.) Follmann & Redón]
[Neobarya usneae Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on red species of Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19969 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 17279 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 25361, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25361 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pertusaria sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 26020, source: Etayo (2017); Ekman (1996); Etayo, J. 20007 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26020 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Physcia sp., source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 26336 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26360 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Xanthoria elegans, source: Etayo (2017)
[Microthelia cargilliana Linds.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Ramalina celastri, Ramalina sp., and Xanthoparmelia sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20069 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26674 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25555 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25350 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia spp. & Leucodermia leucomelos, source: Etayo (2017; as L. cf. echinosporum); Etayo, J. 19938 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25459 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20093 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20117 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on corticolous species of Usnea sp., Hypotrachyna sp., and Parmotrema sp., source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); J. Etayo 26669 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26414 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25332 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26679 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Coniosporium lecanorae Jaap, Coniothyrium lecanoracearum Vouaux, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 30(3): 293 (1914), Lichenoconium lecanoracearum (Vouaux) Petr. & Syd.]
[Coniothyrium imbricariae Allesch., Coniothyrium jaapii Died., Coniothyrium usneae (Anzi) Vouaux, Epicoccum usneae Anzi, Lichenoconium imbricariae (Allesch.) Keissl., Lichenoconium jaapii (Died.) Petr. & Syd.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Lecanora gr. varia, Punctelia rudecta & on Abrothallus sp. on Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25482 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20111 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26998 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25437 [hb. Etayo]
[Microdiplodia lecanorae Vouaux, Pharcidia cerinaria (Mudd) Sacc., Sphaeria cerinaria Mudd, Tichothecium cerinarium (Mudd) Berl. & Voglino]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Caloplaca sp. and Pertusaria sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 17247 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20075 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25360 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Punctelia stictica, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25673 [hb. Etayo]
[Botrydina viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper, Coriscium viride (Ach.) Vain., Dermatocarpon viride (Ach.) W. Mann, Endocarpon laetevirens (Borrer) Taylor, Endocarpon viride Ach., Lenormandia laetevirens (Borrer) Nyl., Lenormandia viridis (Ach.) Arnold, Normandina laetevirens (Borrer) Nyl., Normandina viridis (Ach.) Nyl., Omphalina hudsoniana (H. S. Jenn.) H. E. Bigelow, Omphalina luteolilacina (J. Favre) D.M. Hend., Phytoconis viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., Peltigera sp., and Lobariella subexornata, source: Etayo (2017; cited as "Corsicum viride", i.e., in quotation marks)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Porina sp., source: Lücking (1999), Lücking & Matzer (2001)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia spp. & Leucodermia leucomelos, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25543 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20110 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25431 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia antillarum, H. lutescens, H. galactophylla, and other Heterodermia species, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25479 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26357 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 20041 [QCAM]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 20041, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20041 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19930 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium azureum & Leptogium sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 26406 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20000 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20025 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta weigelii & Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25839 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20160 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp. & Sticta weigelii , source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20132 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 19910 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26359 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20105 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Marchandiomphalina foliacea, source: Etayo (2017), Santesson (1989)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Ramalina sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25339 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25649 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pseudocyphellaria arvidssonii, P. aurata, & P. clathrata, Holotype QCA, Etayo 17234, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25589 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 17234 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25823 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25624 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Thamnolia vermicularis & Thamnolia subbuliformis, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp. & Leptogium sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 25675, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25675 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Xanthoparmelia sp., source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); J. Etayo 25590 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25666 [hb. Etayo]
[Abrothallus usneae auct. non Rabenh., Phaeosporobolus usneae D. Hawksw. & Hafellner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sp., Usnea rubicunda, Alectoria ochroleuca, Alectoria sarmentosa & Ramalina peruviana, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25447 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20178 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20072 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17288 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta fuliginosa & Sticta sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 26982, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19966 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26982 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 26982 [QCAM]
[Tubeufia eriodermatis Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta fuliginosa, source: Etayo (2017)
[Tubeufia heterodermiae Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Porina subepiphylla, Heterodermia sp., Heterodermia leucomelos & Physcia sp., source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 19932 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25531 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 17253 [hb. Etayo]
[Tubeufia pannariae Etayo]
source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Porina subepiphylla, Leptogium sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 20150, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20150 [hb. Etayo]
[Plagiocarpa illota (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Plagiocarpa langloissi R.C. Harris 1980, Pseudopyrenula illota (Nyl.) Vain., Verrucaria diluta Nyl. nom. illegit.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, F. Bungartz & R. Miranda: Galapagos material of this species erroneously referred to as L. obtectum by Aptroot (2006), source: Aptroot (2006; as Lithothelium obtectum); Bungartz, F. 3690 [CDS]
[Arthopyrenia obtecta (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Astrothelium africanum Zahlbr., Sagedia obtecta Müll.Arg., Verrucaria obtecta Müll.Arg.]
source: Aptroot (1991), Cevallos Solórzano (2012); R. C. Harris 17877 [NY], A. Aptroot 11203 [NY]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Porina subepiphylla, Punctelia sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 17248, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 17248 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17248 [QCAM]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 28576, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 28576 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 28576 [QCAM]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Placopsis gelida, source: Etayo (2017)
[Dermatodea pulmonaria (L.) A. St.-Hil., Lichen pulmonarius L., Lobaria pulmonacea (Ach.) Shirley, Lobaria pulmonaria f. hypomela (Delise) Cromb., Parmelia pulmonacea Ach., Parmelia pulmonaria (L.) Spreng., Platysma pulmonarium (L.) Frege, Pulmonaria reticulata Hoffm., Sticta pulmonacea (Ach.) Ach., Sticta pulmonacea var. hypomela Delise, Sticta pulmonacea var. papillaris Delise, Sticta pulmonacea var. pleurocarpa Ach., Sticta pulmonacea var. pulmonacea (Ach.) Ach., Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Biroli, Sticta pulmonaria f. pulmonaria (L.) Biroli, Sticta pulmonaria var. hypomela (Delise) Duby]
parasitized by Capronia solitaria, problematic, only cited as host lichen in Etayo (2012), source: Etayo (2017)
[Durietzia botryoides (Yoshim. & Arv.) Yoshim., Lobaria botryoides Yoshim. & Arv.]
Holotype GB, Arvidsson, Linqvist & Lindström 6072, source: Yoshimura & Arvidsson (1994), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004), Moncada et al. (2013); Arvidsson, L.... 6072 [GB], Etayo, J. 26272 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17338 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26976 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Lobaria exornata var. corallophora Yoshim.]
source: Yoshimura & Arvidsson (1994)
[Durietzia crenulata (Hook.) Yoshim., Lobaria crenulata (Hook.) Trev., Lobaria crenulata var. crenulata (Hook. f.) Trevis., Myelochroa crenulata (J.D. Zhao) Hale ex DePriest & B.W. Hale, Parmelia crenulata Hook. f., Parmelina crenulata (J.D. Zhao) J.C. Wei, Ricasolia crenulata Nyl., Sticta crenulata (Hook. f.) Delise]
parasitized by Cornutispora ophiurospora, Tremella lobariacearum, Nectriopsis curtiseta, Ovicuculispora parmeliae, Unguiculariopsis lobariella, Xenonectriella rugulatispora, Tremella lobariacearum, and Bulbilla applanata, source: Leighton (1866; as Ricasolia crenulata), Návas (1908; as Ricasolia crenulata), Yoshimura & Arvidsson (1994), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Etayo (2017); Benítez, A. 273 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 20148 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25800 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20124 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Durietzia exornata (Zahlbr.) Yoshim., Lobaria crenulata var. exornata Zahlbr., Lobaria exornata (Zahlbr.) Yoshim., Lobaria exornata var. exornata (Zahlbr.) Yoshim.]
source: Yoshimura & Arvidsson (1994), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015); López, A. 202 [CDS], Benítez, A. 274 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 25826 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26350 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Durietzia pallida (Hook. f.) Yoshim., Lobaria fulvella (Taylor) C. W. Dodge, Lobaria pallida (Hook. f.) Trevis., Parmelia fulvella Taylor, Ricasolia pallida (Hook. f.) Nyl., Sticta pallida Hook. f.]
parasitized by Arthonia lobariellae, Cornutispora ophiurospora, Dactylospora lobariella, Niesslia stictarum, N. stictarum ssp. nuda, Xenonectriella rugulatispora, Epithamnolia rugosopycnidiata, Tremella lobariacearum, and Trichonectria setadpressa, Holotype BM, Hooker s.n., source: Yoshimura & Arvidsson (1994), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Moncada et al. (2013), Flakus et al. (2019), Etayo (2017); Benítez, A. 275 [HUTPL], Alfredo Bernard [S], Richard C. Harris 17514 [S], J. Etayo 17258 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Durietzia subexornata (Yoshim.) Yoshim., Lobaria subexornata Yoshim.]
parasitized by Roselliniella ramirezii, Trichonectria setadpressa, Tremella lobariacearum & Athelia arachnoidea, source: Yoshimura & Arvidsson (1994), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007), Etayo (2017), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Etayo, J. 25627 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26350 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20136 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25915 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Calopadia epiphylla (Fée) Vězda, Lecanora epiphylla Fée, Loflammia flammea (Müll.Arg.) Vězda, Lopadium flammeum Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 8630 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8629 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8627 A [CDS]
[Bacidia gabrielis (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia gabrielis (Müll. Arg.) Szatala, Patellaria gabrielis Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Lopadium gilvum Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Bacidia versicolor (Nyl.) Trevis., Biatora versicolor (Nyl.) Mont. & Van den Bosch, Biatorina versicolor (Nyl.) Hellb., Catinaria versicolor (Fée) Sipman, Heterothecium versicolor (Nyl.) Flot., Megalaria versicolor (Flotow) Fryday & Lendemer, Megalospora versicolor (Fée) Zahlbr., Megalospora versicolor var. argyrodes (Vain.) Zahlbr., Megalospora versicolor var. incondita (Kremp.) Vain., Megalospora versicolor var. microcarpa Zahlbr., Megalospora versicolor var. versicolor (Fée) Zahlbr., Patellaria versicolor (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999,2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001)
source: Lücking & Matzer (2001), Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Malcolmiella badimioides Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking (2008)
[Biatora furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Tuck., Malcolmiella furfurosa (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 1888 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 2121 [MSC]
[Lecidea fuscella Müll.Arg., Malcolmiella fuscella (Müll. Arg.) Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), van den Boom et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 278 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 279 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 277 [HUTPL]
[Huilia granifera (Ach.) Kr.P. Singh, Lecanora granifera Ach., Lecidea granifera (Ach.) Vain., Lecidea granifera var. granifera (Ach.) Vain., Malcolmiella granifera (Ach.) Kalb & Lücking]
[Biatora hypomela (Nyl.) Tuck., Lecidea hypomelaena Nyl., Lecidea hypomelaena f. hypomelaena Nyl., Lecidea hypomelaena var. hypomelaena Nyl., Malcolmiella hypomelaena (Nyl.) Cáceres & Lücking]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022; as Malmidea hypomela)
[Biatora leptoloma (Müll. Arg.) Hellb., Lecidea leptoloma Müll.Arg., Malcolmiella leptoloma (Müll. Arg.) Cáceres & Lücking]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Lecidea nigromarginata Malme, Lecidea nigromarginata var. nigromarginata Malme]
[Lecidea piperis var. perisidiata Malme, Malcolmiella perisidiata (Malme) Cáceres & Lücking]
[Biatora piperis (Spreng.) Räsänen, Biatora piperis f. piperis (Spreng.) Räsänen, Lecanora piperis Spreng., Lecidea piperis (Spreng.) Nyl., Lecidea piperis f. piperis (Spreng.) Nyl., Lecidea piperis var. piperis (Spreng.) Nyl., Malcolmiella piperis (Spreng.) Kalb & Lücking]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Lecidea polycampia Tuck., Malcolmiella flavopustulosa Cáceres & Lücking, Malmidea flavopustulosa (M. Cáceres & Lücking) M. Cáceres & Kalb]
[Malcolmiella psychotrioides Kalb & Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 2108 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 2116 [MSC]
[Biatora rhodopis Tuck., Biatora rhodopsis Tuck., Malcolmiella rhodopsis (Tuck.) Kalb & Lücking, Malmidea rhodopis (Tuck.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch]
source: Benítez et al. (2015); Benítez, A. 282 [HUTPL]
[Lecidea vinosa Eschw., Malcolmiella vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb & Lücking]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Acarospora constans (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Lecanora constans Nyl., Maronea carolinae H. Magn., Maroneomyces constantis Cif. & Tomas., Rinodina constans (Nyl.) Tuck.]
[Biatora carnosa (Dicks.) Rabenh., Lecanora carnosa (Dicks.) Hook. f., Lecanora muscorum Ach., Lecidea carnosa (Dicks.) Sommerf., Lecidea carnosa var. carnosa (Dicks.) Sommerf., Lecidea carnosa var. lepidota Sommerf., Lichen carnosus Dicks., Massalongia carnosa f. muscorum (Ach.) Gyeln., Massalongia carnosa var. determinata (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Pannaria carnosa (Dicks.) Rabenh., Pannaria muscorum (Ach.) Delise, Pannaria muscorum f. meizospora Harm., Pannaria muscorum f. muscorum (Ach.) Delise, Pannaria muscorum var. determinata Nyl., Pannaria muscorum var. muscorum (Ach.) Delise, Pannularia carnosa (Dicks.) Cromb., Pannularia muscorum (Ach.) Stizenb., Parmelia carnosa (Dicks.) Schaer., Parmelia muscorum (Ach.) Fr., Parmeliella muscorum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Psora carnosa (Dicks.) Hoffm., Psoroma muscorum (Ach.) Gray, Racoblenna carnosa (Dicks.) Trevis., Squamaria muscorum (Ach.) Hook., Zeora muscorum (Ach.) Flot.]
[Enterographa carnea (Eckfeldt) R.C. Harris, Ocellularia carnea (Eckfeldt) Zahlbr., Thelotrema carneum Eckfeldt]
source: Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 45 [HUTPL]
[Calenia dispersa J. Hedrick]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Opegrapha melanophthalma Müll.Arg., Platygrapha melanophthalma (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Nöske et al. (2007), Déleg et al. (2021)
[Lecanactis paupercula (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Opegrapha paupercula Müll.Arg.]
source: Déleg et al. (2021)
[Platygrapha phyllosema Nyl.]
parasitized by Keratosphaera batistae, source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Platygrapha praemorsa Stirt.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Chiodecton rotula (Mont.) Vain., Opegrapha rotula (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Opegrapha rotula var. rotula (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Phyllocharis rotula (Mont.) Trevis., Platygrapha rotula (Mont.) Stirt., Platygrapha rotula f. rotula (Mont.) Stirt., Strigula rotula Mont.]
parasitized by Arthonia pseudopegraphina, source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Etayo (2017)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Platygrapha tumidula Stirt. nom. illegit., Rotula tumidula Müll. Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008); R. Lücking 96-952 [WIS], R. Lücking 96-952 [F]
[Catillaria endochroma (Fée) Zahlbr., Catillochroma endochroma (Fée) Kalb [orthographic error], Catillochroma endochromum (Fée) Kalb, Lecanora endochroma Fée, Lecidea endochroma (Fée) Nyl.]
[Biatora grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) G. Merr., Biatorina grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Mudd, Bilimbia grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Branth & Rostr., Catillaria grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Körb., Catillaria leucoplaca (DC.) A. Massal., Catinaria grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Vain., Catinaria leucoplaca (DC.) Zahlbr., Heterothecium grossum (Pers. ex Nyl.) Tuck., Lecidea grossa Pers. ex Nyl., Megalospora grossa (Nyl.) Vězda, Patellaria grossa (Pers. ex Nyl.) Müll. Arg.]
[Catillaria intermiscens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Catillochroma intermiscens (Nyl.) Kalb, Lecidea intermiscens Nyl., Patellaria intermiscens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
[Biatorina pulverea (Borrer) Mudd, Catillaria pulverea (Borrer) Lettau, Catillochroma pulverea (Borrer) Kalb, Catinaria pulverea (Borrer) Vězda & Poelt, Lecidea pulverea Borrer, Patellaria pulverea (Borrer) Müll. Arg.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2013c); Bungartz, F. 3964 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64683 [CDS]
[Biatora marginiflexa (Hook. f. & Taylor) C. Bab., Blastenia consanguinea Müll.Arg., Lecidea consanguinea (Müll.Arg.) Hue, Lecidea marginiflexa Hook. f. & Taylor, Lecidea marginiflexa var. marginiflexa Hook. f. & Taylor, Megalospora marginiflexa (Hook. f. & Taylor) Zahlbr., Patellaria marginiflexa (Hook. f. & Taylor) Müll. Arg.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Megalospora dimota Malme]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
[Heterothecium admixtum (Nyl.) A. Massal., Lecidea admixta Nyl., Lopadium admixtum (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Etayo (2017); K. Kalb 18270 [WIS], K. Kalb 18435 [WIS], K. Kalb 18498 [WIS], K. Kalb 19280 [WIS], more...
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
endemic to Galapagos, Type: Ecuador. Galápagos: Isla Sán Cristóbal, trail from Cerro Pelado to El Ripioso, 0°52’S, 89°28’W, 392 m, transition zone, Psidium guajava forest with some old Hippomane mancinella trees and dense understory of Rubus niveus, Tournefortia rufosericea and Zanthoxylum fagara, on bark, S-exposed side of inclined Hippomane mancinella trunk (ca. 20 cm in diameter), semi-shaded, wind- and rain-sheltered, August 2008, Bungartz 8516 (CDS 41162 – holotype!, F – isotype!), source: Lumbsch et al. (2011); Herrera-Campos, M.A. 10918 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8516 [CDS], Clerc, P. 08-295 [CDS], Truong, C. 1509 [CDS], more...
[Megalospora melanodermia var. purpurea Elix, Patellaria melanodermia Müll.Arg.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 290 [HUTPL]
[Biatora taitensis Mont., Blastenia taitensis (Mont.) Trevis., Catillaria sulphurata (Meyen) Vain., Heterothecium taitense (Mont.) Mont. & Bosch, Lecidea sulphurata (Meyen) Vain., Lecidea taitensis (Mont.) Nyl., Lecidea taitensis var. epiglauca Nyl., Lecidea taitensis var. taitensis (Mont.) Nyl., Megalospora taitense (Mont.) Overeem & D. Overeem, Patellaria sulphurata (Meyen) Müll. Arg., Patellaria sulphurata var. sulphurata (Meyen) Müll. Arg., Patellaria taitensis (Mont.) Müll.Arg.]
[Megalospora vigilans var. nigricans (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Patellaria vigilans var. nigricans Müll.Arg.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 291 [HUTPL]
[Bacidia pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) Trevis., Bacidia tuberculosa (Fée) Trevis., Biatora pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) Fr., Biatora tuberculosa (Fée) Mont., Bilimbia pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) Boistel, Bombyliospora incana A.L. Sm., Bombyliospora pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) A. Massal., Bombyliospora tuberculosa (Fée) A. Massal., Bombyliospora tuberculosa f. geotropa (Stizenb.) Zahlbr., Bombyliospora tuberculosa f. tuberculosa (Fée) A. Massal., Bombyliospora tuberculosa var. australica Räsänen, Bombyliospora tuberculosa var. tuberculosa (Fée) A. Massal., Heterothecium tuberculosum (Fée) Flot., Heterothecium tuberculosum var. amplficans (Nyl.) Tuck., Heterothecium tuberculosum var. tuberculosum (Fée) Flot., Lecidea pachycarpa Fr., Lecidea tuberculosa Fée, Lecidea tuberculosa f. geotropa Stizenb., Lecidea tuberculosa f. tuberculosa Fée, Lichen incanus (Hook.) Sm. & Sowerby, Megalospora pachycarpa H. Olivier, Megaspora pachycarpa (Delise ex Duby) H. Olivier, Patellaria pachycarpa Delise ex Duby, Patellaria tuberculosa (Fée) Spreng.]
parasitized by Skyttea megalosporae, source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 293 [HUTPL], Etayo, J. 20050 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25927 [hb. Etayo]
[Amygdalaria verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia mutabilis (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia mutabilis f. corticola Norman, Aspicilia mutabilis f. mutabilis (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia verrucosa f. corticola-asiatica Gintovt, Aspicilia verrucosa f. rugulosa Norman, Aspicilia verrucosa f. verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Aspicilia verrucosa subsp. mutabilis (Ach.) Cl. Roux, Aspicilia verrucosa subsp. verrucosa (Ach.) Körb., Gussonea verrucosa (Ach.) Trevis., Lecanora urceolata (Anzi) Nyl., Lecanora verrucosa (Ach.) Laurer, Lecanora verrucosa f. rugulosa Norman, Lecanora verrucosa f. verrucosa Ach., Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth Nom. rejic., Megaspora verrucosa var. mutabilis (Ach.) Nimis & Cl. Roux, Megaspora verrucosa var. verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth, Pachyospora mutabilis (Ach.) A. Massal., Pachyospora verrucosa (Ach.) Massal., Parmelia verrucosa (Ach.) Spreng., Pertusaria freyi Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi subsp. freyi Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi subsp. monosticha Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi var. freyi Erichsen, Pertusaria freyi var. monosticha (Erichsen) Erichsen, Urceolaria mutabilis Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. verrucosa (Ach.) Schaer., Urceolaria verrucosa Ach.]
source: Sklenář et al. (2010), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); R. C. Harris 17422 [NY], H. Balslev 3896 [NY], K. Kalb 19130 [WIS]
[Encephalographa anthracothecii Diederich, Melaspilea tribulodes (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Opegrapha tribulodes Tuck.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pyrenula andina, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dictyonema glabratum, source: Etayo (2017)
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Melanographa diplasiospora (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Melaspileopsis diplasiospora (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich, Opegrapha diplasiospora Nyl.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Myriotrema urceolare, source: Etayo (2017; as Melaspilea cf. epigena)
[Buellia arthonioides (Fée) Arnold, Catillaria arthonioides (Fée) A. Massal., Melaspilea arthonioides (Fée) Nyl., Poetschia arthonioides (Fée) Stein]
preliminary identification, F. Bungartz: material needs verification; Aptroot, A. 64717 [CDS]
[Arthonia proximella Nyl., Banhegyia setispora L. Zeller & Tóth., Banhegyia uralensis (Naumov) Kohlm., Buellia proximella (Nyl.) Rabenh., Catillaria proximella (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Celidium proximellum (Nyl.) P. Karst., Celidium proximellum var. proximellum (Nyl.) P. Karst., Celidium proximellum var. uralense Naumov, Coniangium proximellum (Nyl.) Hellb., Melaspilea proximella (Nyl.) Nyl. ex Norrlin]
preliminary identification, F. Bungartz: material needs verification; Aptroot, A. 64715 [CDS]
source: Cevallos Solórzano (2012), Bjerke (2002)
[Parmelia subsimilis H. Magn.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Hypogymnia pertusa (Schaer.) Nyl., Imbricaria diatrypa (Ach.) DC., Imbricaria pertusa (Schaer.) Arnold, Imbricaria terebrata (Hoffm.) Körb., Lichen diatrypus Ach., Lichen pertusus L., Lobaria terebrata Hoffm., Menegazzia diatrypa (Ach.) A. Massal., Menegazzia pertusa (Schaer.) Stein, Menegazzia pertusa f. pertusa (Schaer.) J. Stein, Menegazzia pertusa var. pertusa (Schaer.) J. Stein, Parmelia diatrypea (Ach.) Ach., Parmelia pertusa Schaer., Parmelia pertusa f. excelsicola Gyeln., Parmelia pertusa f. pertusa Schaer., Parmelia pertusa f. subimpertusa Nyl., Parmelia pertusa f. ventricosa Hue, Parmelia pertusa var. coskinodes F. Wilson, Parmelia pertusa var. epifusca Gyeln., Parmelia pertusa var. montana F. Wilson, Parmelia pertusa var. nigrilimbata Hillmann, Parmelia pertusa var. pertusa Schaer., Parmelia physodes var. terebrata (Hoffm.) Torss., Parmelia sipeana Gyeln., Physcia diatrypa (Ach.) Gray]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Bjerke (2002)
[Leptosphaeria corae Pat.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dicytionema interruptum, & D. glabratum, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25565 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26689 [hb. Etayo]
[Amphisphaeria decolorans (Rehm) Brenckle, Phaeospora decolorans Rehm, Tichothecium decolorans Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Trapeliopsis haumanii, T. glaucolepidea, and cf. Stereocaulon, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 26999 [hb. Etayo]
[Arthrosporum cinereum (Schaer.) H. Olivier, Bacidia carneoalbens (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Bacidia cinerea (Schaer.) Trevis., Biatora cinerea (Schaer.) Nägeli, Bilimbia cinerea (Schaer.) Körb., Hastifera tenuispora D. Hawksw. & Poelt, Lecidea carneoalbens Nyl., Lecidea cinerea Schaer., Lecidea cinerea var. cinerea Schaer., Micarea cinerea f. tenuispora (D. Hawksw. & Poelt) Fryday, Zeora lightfootii var. cinerea (Schaer.) Flot.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25882 [hb. Etayo]
[Bacidia arceutina f. brevispora Wheldon & Travis, Bacidia arceutina var. brevispora (Wheldon & Travis) Wheldon & Travis, Bacidia gomphillacea (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia lignaria (Ach.) Lettau, Bacidia lignaria f. endoleuca (Leight.) Zahlbr., Bacidia lignaria f. lignaria (Ach.) Lettau, Bacidia lignaria f. nigrata (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bacidia lignaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Lettau, Bacidia milliaria (Fr.) Sandst., Biatora lignaria var. saxigena Hepp, Biatora milliaria (Fr.) Tuck., Bilimbia gomphillacea (Nyl.) Hellb., Bilimbia lignaria (Ach.) A. Massal., Bilimbia lignaria var. lignaria (Ach.) A. Massal., Bilimbia lignaria var. trisepta (Nägeli) Arnold, Bilimbia milliaria (Fr.) Körb., Bilimbia milliaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Körb., Bilimbia milliaria var. milliaria (Fr.) Körb., Bilimbia milliaria var. saxatilis Mudd, Bilimbia milliaria var. terrestris Körb., Lecidea geomaea Taylor, Lecidea lignaria Ach., Lecidea milliaria Fr., Lecidea milliaria var. endoleuca Leight., Lecidea milliaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Fr., Lecidea milliaria var. milliaria Fr., Lecidea milliaria var. saxigena Leight., Lecidea milliaria var. triseptata Nyl., Micarea gomphillacea (Nyl.) Vězda, Micarea lignaria f. gomphillacea (Nyl.) Hellb., Micarea lignaria var. lignaria (Ach.) Hedl., Patellaria lignaria (Ach.) Spreng., Patellaria milliaria (Fr.) Wallr., Stereocauliscum gomphillaceum Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20015 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20014 [hb. Etayo]
[Bacidia magellanica (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia magellanica (Müll. Arg.) Oxner, Patellaria magellanica Müll.Arg.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Stereocaulon sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 17309, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 17309 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17309 [QCAM]
[Microtheliopsidomyces uleanae Cif. & Tomas.]
parasitized by Stigmidium porinae, source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001)
[Coniothecium graphideorum (Nyl.) Keissl., Spilomium graphideorum Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Arthonia sp., source: Etayo (2017); Aptroot, A. 63726 B [CDS]
[Acarospora nigroleprosa H. Olivier, Lecanora nigroleprosa Vain., Lecidea liljenstroemii Du Rietz, Lecidea lindstroemii Lynge, Lecidea nigroleprosa (Vain.) H. Magn., Miriquidica liljenstroemii (Du Rietz) R. Sant., Miriquidica nigroleprosa var. liljenstroemii (Du Rietz) Owe-Larss. & Rambold, Miriquidica nigroleprosa var. nigroleprosa (Vain.) Hertel & Rambold]
preliminary identification, F. Bungartz: material needs verification; Bungartz, F. 4175 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4137 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4142 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65247 [CDS]
[Endococcus erraticus Nyl., Microthelia ecatonospora var. athallina Müll.Arg., Muellerella pygmaea var. athallina (Müll.Arg.) Triebel, Mycoporum erraticum (A. Massal.) Jatta, Sychnogonia erratica (A. Massal.) Trevis., Tichothecium erraticum A. Massal., Tichothecium erraticum subsp. erraticum A. Massal., Tichothecium pygmaeum var. erraticum (A. Massal.) Vouaux, Verrucaria erratica (A. Massal.) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Caloplaca, Lecanora gr. dispesa, Lecidea brachyspora, and Rhizocarpon geminatum, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20040 [hb. Etayo]
[Arthopyrenia cookei (Linds.) Arnold, Endococcus atricola (Linds.) H. Olivier, Microthelia atricola Linds., Microthelia cookei Linds., Muellerella atricola (Linds.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Muellerella atricola var. atricola (Linds.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Mycosphaerella cookei (Lind) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Tichothecium erraticum subsp. microphorum (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Tichothecium lichenicola (Sommerf.) R. Sant., Verrucaria microphora Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Caloplaca sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20031 [hb. Etayo]
[Microthelia ventosicola Mudd, Mycoporum pygmaeum var. ventosicola (Mudd) Jatta, Pyrenula ventosicola (Mudd) Willey, Tichothecium pygmaeum var. ventosicola (Mudd) G. Winter, Verrucaria ventosicola (Mudd) Leight.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Rhizocarpon geminatum, source: Etayo (2017)
[Trypetheliopsis kalbii (Lücking & Sérus.) Aptroot]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
preliminary identification, F. Bungartz: material needs verification; Aptroot, A. 65415 [CDS]
[Arthothelium lichenale (Peck) M.E. Barr, Bottaria composita A. Massal., Dermatina pyrenocarpa (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Mycoporum pycnocarpum Nyl., Mycoporum pycnocarpum var. ohiense Nyl., Mycoporum pycnocarpum var. pycnocarpum Nyl., Pyrenastrum compositum Hepp]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Nugra, F. 580 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65454 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64245 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63342 [CDS], more...
[Arthopyrenia epidermidis var. lactea (Ach.) A.L. Sm., Mycoporellum hassei Zahlbr., Mycoporellum lacteum (Ach.) Zahlbr., Mycoporellum sparsellum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Mycoporum sparsellum Nyl., Porina bonplandii Müll.Arg., Tomasellia lactea (Ach.) R.C. Harris, Tomasellia sparsella (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria cinerea var. lactea (Ach.) Duby, Verrucaria lactea (Ach.) Eschw., Verrucaria stigmatella var. lactea Ach.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 4228 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64590 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7892 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65130 [CDS], more...
[Parmelina degelii Hale]
source: Arvidsson (1991), Yánez-Ayabaca (2009), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Cevallos (2012)
[Lecanora crenulata (Ach.) Hook., Lecanora crenulata f. crenulata (Ach.) Hook., Lecanora crenulata var. crenulata (Ach.) Hook., Lecanora exomila Stirt., Lecanora hagenii var. crenulata Ach., Patellaria crenulata (Hook.) Wallr., Polyozosia crenulata (Ach.) S.Y. Kondr., Lőkös & Farkas]
source: Cevallos Solórzano (2012), Zahlbruckner (1907), Zahlbruckner (1905)
[Scoliciosporum pseudocyphellariae Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dictyonema glabratum, source: Etayo (2017), Palice et al. (2013); Etayo, J. 25744 [hb. Etayo]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Aptroot 65667 [CDS 32258], source: Knudsen & Bungartz (2014); Aptroot, A. 65671 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4762 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65667 [CDS]
[Arthonia candida (Kremp.) Vain., Arthothelium candidum (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Cryptothecia candida (Kremp.) R. Sant.]
[Ascomycetella filicina Ellis & Everh., Cryptothecia filicina (Ellis & Everh.) Lücking & G. Thor]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Cryptothecia napoensis Kalb & Jonitz]
Holotype Kalb 38968, source: Kalb et al. (2012)
[Thelotrema concretum Fée, Thelotrema concretum var. concretum Fée]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Ocellularia congesta Hale]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Thelotrema hartii Müll.Arg.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007)
[Ocellularia micropora (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Thelotrema microporum Mont.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Ocellularia myriopora (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Thelotrema myrioporum Tuck.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, F. Bungarz: one specimen det. Hale as Myriotrema olivaceum Fée (Santiago, on Zanthoxylum, coll. Pike ID18-19, (OSC 101980) has been revised by R. Lücking to belong to M. myrioporum
[Ocellularia myriotremoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Thelotrema myriotremoides Nyl.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Leptotrema urceolare (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Ocellularia urceolaris Ach., Stigmagora urceolaris (Ach.) Trevis., Thelotrema urceolare Ach., Urceolaria thelotremoides A. Massal.]
parasitized by Melaspilea cf. epigena, source: Nöske et al. (2007), Etayo (2017); Klara Scharnagl 2171 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 1958 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 2005 [MSC]
[Leptorhaphis leptogiophila Minks ex G. Winter, Leptosphaeria leptogiophila (Minks ex G. Winter) G. Winter, Metasphaeria leptogiophila (Minks ex G. Winter) Berl. & Voglino]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Collema sp. and Leptogium sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20180 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25494 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Everniastrum sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 25670, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25670 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20141 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26422 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia flabellata, Holotype B, Sipman 53071, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera sp., source: Etayo (2017); R. C. Harris 17319-A [NY], Etayo, J. 25866 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20045 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19964 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20014 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20047 [hb. Etayo]
[Parmeliella incrassata P.M. Jørg.]
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilson, 7 Mar. 1972, source: Jørgensen (1998), Jørgensen (2000), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 938 [GB], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 938 [GB], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 938 [GB]
[Parmeliella psoromoides P.M. Jørg. & Palice]
Holotype PRA, Palice 11977, source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Normandina pulchella, Parmotrema sp., Stereocaulon sp., and Teloschistes flavicans, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 17304 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25836 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25513 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 17235 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25403 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25404 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 19936 [hb. Etayo]
[Lasionectria lecanodes (Ces.) Petch, Nectria lecanodes (Ces.) Fuckel, Nectria lecanodes var. euryspora Vouaux, Nectria lecanodes var. lecanodes Ces., Sphaeria lecanodes Ces.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera laciniata, Peltigera rufescens , source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25669 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 19916 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26301 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25637 [hb. Etayo]
[Nectria lichenophila Speg.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leucodermia leucomelos and species of Heterodermia, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20117 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 19987 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25519 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20146 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Gomphillus hyalinus, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Phaeophyscia sp., source: Etayo (2017)
[Nectria rubefaciens Ellis & Everh., Trichonectria rubefaciens (Ellis & Everh.) Diederich & Schroers]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema reticulatum, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25343 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20005 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20019 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17292 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Gomphillus hyalinus & Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19983 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 19983 [QCAM]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on crustaceous lichen, probably Gomphillales, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25335 [hb. Etayo]
[Lamyella peltigerae (Mont.) Berl., Ophiobolus peltigerae (Mont.) Sacc., Rhaphidophora peltigerae (Mont.) Mont., Sphaeria peltigerae Mont.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera sp., source: Etayo (2017)
[Lecanora multifera Nyl., Maronina multifera (Nyl.) Hafellner & R.W. Rogers, Protoparmelia multifera (Nyl.) Kantvilas, Papong & Lumbsch]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 286 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 284 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 285 [HUTPL]
[Nephroma resupinatum var. helveticum (Ach.) Gyeln., Nephromium helveticum (Ach.) Nyl., Nephromium helveticum var. helveticum (Ach.) Nyl., Ornatinephroma resupinatum var. helveticum (Ach.) Gyeln., Peltigera helvetica (Ach.) Spreng.]
source: Sipman (1999), Cevallos (2012)
[Nephromium plumbeum (Mont.) Nyl., Opisteria plumbea (Mont.) Vain., Peltigera plumbea Mont.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Erioderma granulosum & Erioderma sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25452 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20142 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20143 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dictyonema sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 26977 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta weigelii and S. humboldtii, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20109 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20114 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26983 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera polydactyla, Peltigera sp. & Yoshimuriella subdissecta, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25771 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20045 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25474 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dichosporidium sp., Lobariella crenulata, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 26409 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 19978 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25570 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Lobariella pallida, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25608 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pertusaria sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25924 [hb. Etayo]
[Nigromacula hypotrachynae Etayo, Vouauxiella uniseptata D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Hypotrachyna sinuosa, Everniopsis trulla, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20138 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 27003 [hb. Etayo]
[Bathelium compositum (Vain.) C.W. Dodge, Pseudopyrenula bicincta Zahlbr., Pseudopyrenula composita Vain., Pseudopyrenula deightonii C.W. Dodge, Pseudopyrenula pyrenuloides Zahlbr., Pseudopyrenula tropica (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Pseudopyrenula verrucosa Vain., Pyrenula gaudichaudii (Fée) Pers., Pyrenula tropica (Ach.) Trevis., Sagedia tropica (Ach.) A. Massal., Spermatodium tropicum (Ach.) Trevis., Trypethelium compositum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Trypethelium tropicum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Trypethelium tropicum var. nigratum Müll.Arg., Trypethelium tropicum var. tropicum (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Verrucaria gaudichaudii Fée, Verrucaria tropica Ach.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Aptroot et al. (2016), Elix & McCarthy (1998), LeDee (2000), Weber (1986); Weber, W.A. 7 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8554 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6468 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3354 [CDS], more...
[Endocarpon pulchellum Borrer, Lauderlindsaya borreri (Leighton) R. Sant., Lenormandia jungermanniae Nyl., Lenormandia pulchella (Borrer) A. Massal., Normandina jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl., Normandina jungermanniae var. jungermanniae (Nyl.) Nyl., Normandina jungermanniae var. sorediosa H. Olivier, Polyblastia armericola Walt. Watson, Sphaeria borreri Tul., Verrucaria pulchella Borrer]