Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador
Includes taxa from following child checklists:
Authors: 1,2,3,22Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, 1,4,22Ángel Benítez, 1,2,22Rosa Batallas Molina, 1,5,22Domenica Naranjo, 1,6,22Javier Etayo, 1,7,22María Prieto, 1,4,22Gabriela Cevallos Solórzano, 1,8,22Erika Caicedo, 9Klara Scharnagl, 10Britton McNerlin, 10Santiago Swanson, 7Gregorio Aragón, 7Noelia Fernández-Prado, 7Isabel Martínez, 11Ana Rosa Burgaz, 1,4,7,22Ximena Yadira González, 1,4,22Jorge Déleg, 1,4,22Marlon Vega, 12Pieter van den Boom, 13,14Nicolas Magain, 1,15,22Fredy Nugra, 1,16,22Tania Oña, 17Patricia Jaramillo, 17Justine Villalba-Alemán, 18,19,20,22Bibiana Moncada, 21,22Jesús Hernández, 10Edward Erik Gilbert & *1,2,10,17,22Frank Bungartz

Citation: Yánez-Ayabaca, A. et al. (2023) Lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador, Version #01. Consortium of Lichen Herbaria. Symbiota Checklist, published online at https://lichenportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?clid=1283&pid

Locality: Ecuador

Abstract:

Check out our recent open access publication "Towards a dynamic checklist of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Ecuador" in The Lichenologist.

1Grupo Ecuatoriano de Liquenología (GEL), Ecuador
2Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE), Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
3Universidad Central de Quito, Ecuador
4Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Apartado postal 11-01-618, Ecuador
5Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
6Navarro Villoslada 16, 38 dcha, 31003 Pamplona, Navarro, Spain
7Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
8Fungario QCAM, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Pichincha 17-01-2184, Ecuador
9University & Jepson Herbaria, University of California - Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building # 2465, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, USA
10Biodiversity Integration Knowledge Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 874108, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4108, USA
11Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 28040, Spain
12Arafura 16, 5691JA, Son, the Netherlands
13Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0338, USA
14Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBioS Research Center, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman B22, Quartier vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
15Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
16Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
17Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
18Botanischer Garten, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
19Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
20Biología y Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Cra. 4 No. 26D-54, Torre de Laboratorios, Herbario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
21Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Instituto Experimental Jardín Botánico “Dr. Tobías Lasser”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela
22Grupo Latinoamericano de Liquenolólogos (GLAL)

*corresponding author: frank.bungartz@asu.edu

Lichen-forming, Liquenicolous and Allied fungi of Ecuador / Líquenes, Hongos Liquenícolas y Hongos Relacionadas del Ecuador:
This checklist is the first comprehensive list of species, subspecies, varieties and forms of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi from all regions of Ecuador: El Oriente – the Ecuador's Amazon region; La Sierra – the high volcanoes of the Ecuadorian Andes and their foothills; La Costa – the Ecuadorian Pacific coast; and Las Galápagos – Ecuador's insular province. The checklists is part of Ecuador's national biodiversity assessment program ‘Biodiversidad Genética del Ecuador’, led by the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO) and the Galapagos Lichen Inventory, supported by the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) and the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (DPNG). To built this checklist, we compiled literature records of Ecuadorian lichen biota spanning from the late 19th century to the modern day. Using the biodiversity data management software Symbiota, we also used the tools built into the Consortium of Lichen Herbaria to include records based on specimens available in institutional and personal collections participating in the Consortium. A publication outlining best practices for compiling checklists with Symbiota, using our Ecuador Checklist as an example, is simultaneously published in The Lichenologist, where the first version of this checklist is also made available as a supplement.

Please click here to download the Reference List as a PDF.

This is the version #01 of this checklist, which can be downloaded as PDF here.

Notes: last updated 02 May 2023


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Families: 134
Genera: 513
Species: 2599
Total Taxa: 2610

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[Cenomyce pycnoclada Pers.]
source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907)
[Cenomyce pyxidata (L.) Ach., Cenomyce pyxidata var. delicata Desm., Cenomyce pyxidata var. pyxidata Ach., Cenomyce pyxidata var. tuberculosa (Hoffm.) Ach., Cladonia communis Schaer., Cladonia conchata Nyl., Cladonia neglecta (Flörke) Spreng., Lichen pyxidatus L.]
source: Ahti (1992), González et al. (2017, 2019), Sklenář et al. (2010), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske (2005), Nöske & Sipman (2004); Culberson, William, L.... 20551 [DUKE], Aptroot, A. 65699 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64846 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65200 [CDS]
[Baeomyces anomaeus Ach., Cenomyce pityrea (Flörke) Ach., Cladonia adspersa Mont. & Bosch, Cladonia anomaea (Ach.) Ahti & P. James, Cladonia anomaea var. anomaea (Ach.) Ahti & P. James, Cladonia degenerans var. anomaea (Ach.) Cromb., Cladonia isignyi Delise, Cladonia lamarkii Nyl., Cladonia lamarkii f. isignyi (Delise) Nyl., Cladonia lamarkii f. lamarkii Nyl., Cladonia lepidula var. foliolosa Müll.Arg., Cladonia leucocephala Müll.Arg., Cladonia pityrea (Flörke) Fr., Cladonia pityrea f. cladomorpha Flörke, Cladonia pityrea f. dilacerata Anders, Cladonia pityrea f. hololepis Flörke, Cladonia pityrea f. macrocephala Asahina, Cladonia pityrea f. pityrea (Flörke) Fr., Cladonia pityrea f. scyphifera (Delise) Vain., Cladonia pityrea f. sorediosa Vain., Cladonia pityrea f. squamulifera Vain., Cladonia pityrea f. subacuta Vain., Cladonia pityrea f. subuliformis Vain., Cladonia pityrea subsp. gracilenta (Nyl.) Abbayes, Cladonia pityrea subsp. pityrea (Flörke) Fr., Cladonia pityrea subsp. polyphylla (Mont. & Bosch) Abbayes, Cladonia pityrea var. javanica (Hepp) Zahlbr., Cladonia pityrea var. junghuhniana (Mont. & Bosch) Zahlbr., Cladonia pityrea var. phyllopoda Vain., Cladonia pityrea var. pityrea (Flörke) Fr., Cladonia pityrea var. subareolata Vain., Cladonia squamosa var. pachypoda Müll.Arg., Lichen ramulosus With.]
[Cladina rangiferina (L.) Nyl., Cladina rangiferina f. crispata (Coem.) J.C. Wei & Y.M. Jiang, Cladina rangiferina f. humilis (Anders) J.C. Wei & Y.M. Jiang, Cladina rangiferina f. patula (Flot. ex Sandst.) J.C. Wei & Y.M. Jiang, Cladina rangiferina f. prolifera (Flot. ex Sandst.) J.C. Wei & Y.M. Jiang, Cladina rangiferina f. rangiferina (L.) Nyl., Cladina rangiferina subsp. abbayesii (Ahti) W.L. Culb., Cladina rangiferina subsp. grisea (Ahti) Ahti & M.J. Lai, Cladina rangiferina subsp. rangiferina (L.) Nyl., Cladina rangiferina var. crispatula Nyl., Cladina rangiferina var. rangiferina (L.) Nyl., Lichen rangiferinus L., Lichen rangiferinus var. alpestris L., Lichen rangiferinus var. rangiferinus L.]
source: Ahti (2000), Ahti (1992)
[Cladonia rangiferina var. abbayesii Ahti]
source: González et al. (2017b)
[Cladonia calycantha f. simplex A. Evans, Cladonia calycantha var. exilior Abbayes, Cladonia rappii subsp. rappii, Cladonia rappii var. exilior (Abbayes) Ahti, Cladonia rappii var. rappii A. Evans]
source: González et al. (2019), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Ahti (1992), Ahti (2000); Erik Asplund L419 [S]
[Cenomyce decurva Taylor ex C. Bab. & Mitt., Cenomyce scabriuscula Delise, Cladonia flabelliformis var. scabriuscula (Delise) Vain., Cladonia furcata f. adspersa (Flörke) Vain., Cladonia furcata var. adspersa (Flörke) F. Wilson, Cladonia furcata var. asperata Müll.Arg., Cladonia furcata var. gracillima Müll.Arg., Cladonia furcata var. hians Müll.Arg., Cladonia furcata var. pungens Ach., Cladonia furcata var. recurva A.L. Sm., Cladonia furcata var. scabriuscula (Delise) Coem., Cladonia furcata var. subsquamosa Müll.Arg., Cladonia furcata var. virgulata Müll.Arg., Cladonia gallica var. scabriuscula (Delise) M. Choisy, Cladonia pungens (Ach.) Flörke, Cladonia rangiformis var. gracillima (Mont.) Ahti, Cladonia scabriuscula var. asperata (Müll. Arg.) Abbayes ex Frey]
source: González et al. (2019)
[Cladonia rangiferina var. signata Eschw.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Ahti (2000)
source: González et al. (2017a, b, 2019), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Ahti (1992), Ahti (2000); Gunnar Harling 1976 [S]
[Baeomyces strepsilis Ach.]
native, indigenous, source: Yánez-Ayabaca et al. (2013); Bungartz, F. 4134 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64681 [CDS]
source: González et al. (2017a, b)
[Cladonia cornutoradiata (Coem.) Sandst., Cladonia cornutoradiata f. cornutoradiata (Vain.) Zopf, Cladonia cornutoradiata f. furcellata (Hoffm.) Sandst., Cladonia cornutoradiata f. radiata (Navàs) Sandst., Cladonia cornutoradiata f. repetito-prolifera Sandst., Cladonia cornutoradiata f. subacuminata (Vain.) Oxner, Cladonia cornutoradiata var. cornutoradiata (Vain.) Zopf, Cladonia cornutoradiata var. subulata (L.) Vain., Cladonia fimbriata var. cornutoradiata Vain., Cladonia fimbriata var. radiata (Schreb.) Cromb., Cladonia fimbriata var. subcornuta Nyl. ex Cromb., Cladonia fimbriata var. subulata (L.) Vain., Cladonia furcata var. subulata (L.) Rabenh., Cladonia nemoxyna f. abortiva (Flörke) M. Choisy, Cladonia nemoxyna var. gianjonae Sambo, Cladonia nemoxyna var. subacuminata (Vain.) Oxner, Cladonia radiata (Schreb.) Ach., Cladonia radiata f. cladocarpoides M. Choisy, Cladonia radiata f. crassa (Delise) M. Choisy, Cladonia radiata f. furcellata (Hoffm.) M. Choisy, Cladonia radiata f. radiata (Schreb.) Ach., Cladonia radiata f. tortuosa (Delise) M. Choisy, Cladonia radiata var. radiata (Schreb.) Ach., Cladonia subcornuta (Nyl. ex Arnold) Cromb., Cladonia subulata f. radiata (Schreb.) J.W. Thomson, Cladonia subulata var. radiata (Schreb.) Ozenda & Clauzade, Lichen cornigerus With., Lichen subulatus L.]
problematic, name not resolved, no modern record, source: Návas (1908; as Cladonia fimbriata var. subulata and var. cornutoradiata), Müller (1879; as Cladonia fimbriata f. subulata), Zahlbruckner (1905; as Cladonia fimbriata var. subulata)
source: Mandl (2007, as Cladonia cf. symphoriza)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Megalospora admixta, source: Etayo (2017)
[Sclerococcum normandinae Diederich & Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pertusaria sp. & sterile white lichen, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25769 [hb. Etayo]
[Sclerococcum parmeliae Etayo & Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Parmotrema sp., & Normandina aff. pulchella, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20098 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26300 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25495 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25460 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Porina mastoidea (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Porina mastoidea var. mastoidea Fée, Porophora mastoidea (Ach.) Spreng., Pyrenula mastoidea Ach., Segestria mastoidea (Ach.) Hellb.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007; as P. cf. mastoidea)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema reticulatum & Parmotrema sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 20043, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25543 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25339 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20043 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25634 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 20070, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25875 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20070 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema reticulatum, Holotype QCA, Etayo 25473, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25473 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 25473 [QCAM]
endemic to Galapagos, Type: Ecuador. Galápagos: Isla Sán Cristóbal, area W of Cerro Pelado on the way to El Ripioso, 0°52’S, 89°28’W, 400 m, transition zone, open Psidium guajava shrubland with Macraea laricifolia and dominant annual herb Malachra capitata, on bark and wood, dead twigs of Psidium guajava, sunny, wind- and rain-exposed, August 2008, Bungartz 8496 (CDS-41142 – holotype!), source: Lumbsch et al. (2011); Bungartz, F. 8496 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6584 [CDS]
source: Lücking (1999), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Mandl (2007), Nöske et al. (2007), Lücking (2008); K. Kalb 18148 [WIS], K. Kalb 19264 [WIS], R. Lücking 96-333 [WIS], K. Kalb 18633 [WIS], more...
[Circinaria epiphylla Fée]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Circinaria erythroxyli (Spreng.) Fée, Coccocarpia aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Mont. & Bosch, Coccocarpia aurantiaca var. aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Mont. & Bosch, Coccocarpia aurantiaca var. furfuracea Müll.Arg., Coccocarpia ciliolata Mont., Coccocarpia cronia var. aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Vain., Coccocarpia incisa Pers., Coccocarpia leucorrhiza Hampe, Coccocarpia parmelioides (Hook.) Tuck. ex M.A. Curtis, Coccocarpia pellita var. mesomorpha Müll.Arg., Coccocarpia pellita var. parmelioides (Hook. f.) Müll. Arg., Coccocarpia pellita var. semiincisa Müll.Arg., Lecidea erythroxyli Spreng., Lecidea parmelioides Hook. f., Pannaria aurantiaca (Hook. f. & Taylor) Schwend., Pannaria ciliolata (Mont.) Hue, Pannaria molybdaea var. incisa (Pers.) Tuck., Pannaria parmelioides (Hook. f.) Colmeiro, Pannaria parmelioides var. parmelioides (Hook. f.) Colmeiro, Pannaria parmelioides var. pyrrhichocarpa Hue, Solorina aurantiaca Hook. f. & Taylor]
source: Leighton (1866; as Coccocarpia parmelioides), Müller (1879; as Coccocarpia parmelioides), Romeguère (1879; as Coccocarpia parmelioides), Dodge (1935), Weber (1986; as Pannaria molybdaea), Elix & McCarthy (1998; as Coccocarpia pellita var. parmelioides ), Lücking (1999, 2008), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016); W.A. Weber L--40290 [ASU], K. Kalb 18684 [WIS], K. Kalb 18567 [WIS], K. Kalb 18189 [WIS], more...
source: Lücking (1999, as Coccocarpia cf. filiformis); Lücking (2008), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022), van den Boom et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 123 [HUTPL]
source: Lücking (2008), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Coccocarpia cronia (Tuck.) Vain., Coccocarpia cronia f. cronia (Tuck.) Vain., Coccocarpia cronia f. palumbina (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Coccocarpia cronia var. camporum (Malme) Zahlbr., Coccocarpia cronia var. cronia (Tuck.) Vain., Coccocarpia cronia var. furfuracea (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Coccocarpia cronia var. granulosa (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Coccocarpia cronia var. incisa (Pers.) Zahlbr., Coccocarpia cronia var. isidiophylla (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Coccocarpia cronia var. isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Coccocarpia cronia var. lividorufa (Meyen & Flot.) Zahlbr., Coccocarpia cronia var. prolificans (Malme) C.W. Dodge, Coccocarpia cronia var. subaurantiaca (Taylor) Vain., Coccocarpia pellita var. isidiophylla Müll.Arg., Coccocarpia pellita var. isidiosa Müll.Arg., Lecidea palmicola Spreng., Pannaria molybdaea var. cronia (Tuck.) Tuck., Parmelia cronia Tuck.]
source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Lücking (1999, 2008), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Mandl (2007), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Déleg et al. (2021), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Alban N. Stewart 1905-10-28 [FH], W. A. Weber [COLO], D. Cavagnaro [COLO], H. Sipman [COLO], more...
[Coccocarpia portoricensis C.W. Dodge, Lecidea pellita (Ach.) Spreng., Lecidea portoricensis Spreng., Pannaria molybdaea (Pers.) Tuck., Parmelia pellita Ach., Patellaria portoricensis (Spreng.) Spreng.]
source: Svenson (1935), Lücking (1999, 2008), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Mandl (20017), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Benítez et al. (2019), Déleg et al. (2021), Fernandéz-Prado et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 2191 [MSC], K. Kalb 19434 [WIS], K. Kalb 18451 [WIS], K. Kalb 18153 [WIS], more...
[Candelaria stellata (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Candelaria stellata var. cinerea Müll.Arg., Candelaria stellata var. stellata (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Pannaria stellata (Tuck.) Nyl., Pannularia stellata (Tuck.) Nyl., Parmeliella stellata (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Placodium stellatum (Tuck.) Gyeln., Placodium stellatum var. cinereum (Müll. Arg.) Gyeln., Placodium stellatum var. stellatum (Tuck.) Gyeln., Psoroma stellata (Tuck.) A. Schneid., Trachyderma stellatum (Tuck.) Trevis.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Dimerella bacillifera Malme, Microphiale bacillifera (Malme) Zahlbr.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 133 [HUTPL]
source: Lücking (1999), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Dimerella dilucida (Kremp.) R. Sant., Lecidea dilucida Kremp., Microphiale dilucida (Kremp.) Zahlbr.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 134 [HUTPL]
[Dimerella eximia (Nyl.) Vězda]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 135 [HUTPL]
[Dimerella flava Malcolm & Vězda]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 5011 B [CDS]
[Dimerella frederici Kalb]
source: Benítez et al. (2015; as Coenogonium aff. frederici); Benítez, A. 131 [HUTPL]
[Ombrophila geralensis Henn., Orbilia geralensis (Henn.) Rick]
[Dimerella hypophylla Vězda]
source: Lücking (1999), Lücking & Matzer (2001), Lücking (2008); R. Lücking s.n. [WIS]
[Dimerella isidiifera Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Dimerella kawanae H. Harada & Vězda]
source: Benítez et al. (2015; as Coenogonium aff. kawanae); Benítez, A. 132 [HUTPL]
[Coenogonium linkii var. leprieurii Mont., Holocoenis leprieurii (Mont.) Clem.]
[Dimerella lisowskii Vězda]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Dimerella luteola Kalb]
source: Benítez et al. (2015); Benítez, A. 142 [HUTPL]
[Dimerella lutescens Vězda & Malcolm]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 143 [HUTPL]
[Biatora lutea (Dicks.) Hepp, Biatorina lutea (Dicks.) Körb., Biatorinopsis lutea (Dicks.) Müll. Arg., Dimerella lutea (Dickson) Trevisan, Dimerella lutea f. lutea (Dicks.) Trevis., Gyalecta lutea (Dicks.) Hornem., Lecidea lutea (Dicks.) Taylor, Lecidea lutea var. eximia Nyl., Lecidea lutea var. lutea (Dicks.) Taylor, Lichen luteus Dicks., Microphiale lutea (Dicks.) Zahlbr., Microphiale lutea f. foliicola Zahlbr., Microphiale lutea f. lutea (Dicks.) Zahlbr., Microphiale lutea f. stenospora Zahlbr., Microphiale lutea f. theae Räsänen, Secoliga lutea (Dicks.) Norman]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Déleg et al. (2021), van den Boom et al. (2022), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 4067 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65152 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63150 [CDS], Etayo, J. 25850 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Biatorinopsis minima Müll.Arg., Dimerella minima (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Microphiale minima (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 64553 [CDS]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 148 [HUTPL]
[Biatora pineti (Ach.) Fr., Biatora pineti f. pineti (Schrad.) Fr., Biatora pineti f. terrestris Rabenh., Biatorina diluta (Pers.) Th. Fr., Biatorina pineti (Ach.) A. Massal., Biatorinopsis diluta (Pers.) Müll.Arg., Bilimbia pineti (Ach.) Branth & Rostr., Dimerella diluta (Pers.) Trevis., Dimerella diluta f. diluta (Pers.) Trevis., Dimerella diluta f. terrestris (Rabenh.) Grummann, Dimerella diluta var. diluta (Pers.) Trevis., Dimerella diluta var. perminuta Malme, Dimerella pineti (Schrader ex Ach.) Vězda, Gyalecta diluta (Pers.) Blomb. & Forssell, Gyalecta pineti (Ach.) Tuck., Lecidea diluta (Pers.) Leight., Lecidea pineti Ach., Lecidea pineti f. foliicola Kremp., Lecidea pineti f. pineti Schrad., Microphiale diluta (Pers.) Zahlbr., Peziza diluta Pers., Peziza diluta var. cinnamomea Pers., Peziza diluta var. diluta Fr., Peziza diluta var. fungorum Alb. & Schwein., Peziza diluta var. rosella Pers., Secoliga diluta (Pers.) Arnold, Sporoblastia diluta (Pers.) Trevis.]
source: Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 154 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 9 [HUTPL]
[Biatora pyrophthalma Mont., Dimerella bonariensis Malme, Dimerella pyrophthalma (Mont.) Vězda]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Dimerella roumegueriana (Müll. Arg.) Malme, Microphiale roumegueriana (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 155 [HUTPL]
[Dimerella siquirrensis Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022); Clerc, P. 08-21 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10458 [CDS]
[Biatorina sublutea Rehm, Biatorinopsis epiphylla Müll.Arg., Dimerella epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Malme, Gyalecta epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Vain., Microphiale epiphylla (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.]
[Dimerella subzonata Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Dimerella vezdana Lücking]
Holotype QCA, Lücking s.n., source: Lücking (1999, 2008); R. Lücking s.n. [WIS], R. Lücking s.n. [F]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Collema gwytheri Stirt., Collema microptychium Tuck., Synechoblastus leptaleus (Tuck.) Fink, Synechoblastus microptychius (Tuck.) Fink]
[Collema pulchellum Ach., Leptogium pulcellum (Ach.) Nyl., Leptogium pulchellum (Ach.) Nyl., Parmelia pulcella (Ach.) Spreng., Parmelia pulchella (Ach.) Spreng., Parmelia pulchella var. pulchella (Ach.) Spreng.]
source: Degelius (1994), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2004); Arvidsson, L.... 6302 [GB]
[Collema laeve f. isidiosum (F. Wilson) F. Wilson, Leptogium olivaceum F. Wilson, Leptogium olivaceum var. granulatum F. Wilson, Leptogium olivaceum var. granulosum C.W. Dodge, Leptogium olivaceum var. isidiosum F. Wilson, Leptogium olivaceum var. olivaceum F. Wilson, Leptogium tremelloides var. muscitegens F. Wilson]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 267 [HUTPL]
[Collema laciniatum Nyl., Collema laciniatum var. crustosa Räsänen, Collema laciniatum var. laciniatum Nyl., Synechoblastus laciniatus (Nyl.) Fink, Synechoblastus texanus (Tuck.) Müll.Arg.]
Holotype M, Frisch 96/Eq196, source: Frisch (2007)
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr., Arthonia cinnabarina f. concolor (Turner) Leight., Arthonia cinnabarina f. dubia (Turner & Borrer) Leight., Arthonia cinnabarina f. kermesina (Schaer.) Nyl., Arthonia cinnabarina f. microstigma (Turner & Borrer) Leight., Arthonia cinnabarina var. anerythrea Nyl., Arthonia cinnabarina var. astroidea (Leight.) Leight., Arthonia cinnabarina var. coccinea (Flörke) Zahlbr., Arthonia cinnabarina var. kermesina (Schaer.) Nyl., Arthonia cinnabarina var. marginata (Turner) Mudd, Arthonia cinnabarina var. nudata (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr., Arthonia cinnabarina var. pruinata Delise, Arthonia cinnabarina var. purpurea (Eschw.) Zahlbr., Arthonia cinnabarina var. tumidula (Ach.) Wallr., Arthonia cinnabarina var. tumidulla (Ach.) Wallr., Arthonia gregaria (Weigel) Körb., Arthonia gregaria f. concolor (Turner) Willey, Arthonia gregaria f. gregaria Fée, Arthonia gregaria var. adspersa (Mont.) Müll. Arg., Arthonia gregaria var. anerythrea Nyl., Arthonia gregaria var. astroidea (Leight.) Mudd, Arthonia gregaria var. cuspidans A.L. Sm., Arthonia gregaria var. dubia (Turner & Borrer) Mudd, Arthonia gregaria var. gregaria Fée, Arthonia gregaria var. kermesina (Schaer.) Willey, Arthonia gregaria var. marginata (Turner) Mudd, Arthonia gregaria var. nudata Müll. Arg., Arthonia gregaria var. obscura (Schaer.) Körb., Arthonia gregaria var. pruinata Nyl., Arthonia gregaria var. purpurea (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Arthonia gregaria var. rufomaculata Räsänen, Arthonia gregaria var. substellata Müll. Arg., Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach., Arthonia tumidula f. astroidea (Leight.) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula f. concolor (Turner) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula f. glabra (A. Massal.) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula f. kermesina (Schaer.) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula f. opegraphoides (A. Massal.) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula f. opegraphoies (A. Massal.) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula f. tumidula (Ach.) Ach., Arthonia tumidula var. coccinea (Flörke) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula var. rubra (Pers.) J. Nowak, Arthonia tumidula var. tumidula (Ach.) Ach., Conioloma coccineum Flörke, Sphaeria gregaria Weigel, Spiloma tumidula Ach., Trachylia gregaria (Weigel) Vain.]
source: Weber (1966, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Benítez (2016), van den Boom et al. (2022); Weber, W. 40257 [MIN], barcode-00259983 1872-00-00 [FH], A. Higgins & M. Higgins 1971-03-23 [FH], W. A. Weber 501 [COLO], more...
[Arthonia cinnabarina f. opegraphina auct. brit., Arthonia elegans (Ach.) Almq., Coniocarpon elegans (Ach.) Duby, Spiloma elegans Ach., Spiloma fallax Ach.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 2 [HUTPL]
[Arthopyrenia cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Arthopyrenia cinchonae var. cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Arthopyrenia nieteriana Müll.Arg., Arthopyrenia planipes Müll.Arg., Didymella cinchonae (Ach.) Vain., Leiophloea cinchonae (Ach.) Riedl, Porina concamerata (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Spermatodium cinchonae (Ach.) Trevis., Verrucaria alboatra var. detergens Nyl., Verrucaria cinchonae Ach., Verrucaria cinchonae var. cinchonae Ach., Verrucaria cinchonae var. fumida Stizenb., Verrucaria concamerata Stirt., Verrucaria prostans Mont.]
[Arthopyrenia lyrata R.C. Harris, Macroconstrictolumina lyrata (R.C. Harris) Lücking, R. Miranda & Aptroot]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Harris (1980); Bungartz, F. 9440 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10359 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10510 [CDS], Nugra, F. 390 [CDS], more...
source: González et al. (2019)
source: Lücking et al. (2013)
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 32302 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ780378, source: Lücking et al. (2016); Lücking, R. 32302 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
Holotype HA, Nugra 867 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ780394, source: Lücking et al. (2016)
source: González et al. (2019)
[Wainiocora ciferrii Tomas.]
source: Lücking (2014), González (2017b)
Holotype GMUF, Dal-Forno 1808, source: Dal-Forno (2013), Lücking et al. (2013)
source: González et al. (2019)
Holotype B, Jonitz et al. 1227 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KX772658, source: Lücking et al. (2016)
source: González et al. (2019), Lücking et al. (2016)
source: Lücking et al. (2016)
[Cora bovei Speg., Cora pavonia f. umbilicalis Fr., Cora pavonia var. umbilicalis Fr., Corella brasiliensis Vain., 1890, Dictyonema glabratum (Sprengel) D. Hawksw., Dictyonema pavonium f. brasiliense (Vain.) Parmasto, Dictyonema zahlbruckneri (Schiffn.) V. Marcano, Thelephora glabrata Spreng.]
parasitized by Polycoccum dictyonematis & Thelenella muscorum , first reported by Müller (1879) and subsequently by Zahlbruckner (1904), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), and Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); confirmed by Lücking et al. (2013), source: Zahlbruckner (1904; as Cora pavonia), Nöske & Sipman (2004; as Dictyonema zahlbruckneri), Nöske et al. (2007 as D. zahlbruckneri), Lücking et al. (2013), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022), Etayo (2017, D. glabratum); T.H. Nash III 23840 [ASU], George W. Prescott [ANL-41] [WIS], K. Kalb 18521 [WIS], K. Kalb 18522 [WIS], more...
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 26201 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF443239, source: Lücking et al. (2016); Lücking, R. 26201 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
source: González et al. (2019)
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 32305 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ780381, source: Lücking et al. (2016); Lücking, R. 32305 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Byssomerulius pavonius (Weber & D. Mohr) Zmitr. & Malysheva, Cora montana (Parmasto ex Follmann & Redón) Sant., Cora pavonia f. pavonia (Sw.) Fr., Cora pavonia f. villosa Tomas., Cora pavonia f. viridis Tomas., Cora pavonia var. pavonia (Sw.) Fr., Dictyonema montanum Parmasto ex Follmann & Redón, Dictyonema pavonium (Weber & D. Mohr) Parmasto, Dictyonema pavonium f. pavonium (Sw.) Parmasto, Dictyonema pavonium f. sorediatum R. Sant., Dictyonema pavonium f. villosum (Tomas.) Parmasto nom. inval., Dictyonema pavonium f. viride (Tomas.) Parmasto nom. inval., Thelephora pavonia Weber & D. Mohr, Ulva montana Sw. nom. illegit., Ulva pavonia Sw. ex Fr. nom. inval.]
source: Romeguère (1879), Diels (1937), Dal-Forno et al. (2013), Lücking et al. (2013)
Holotype QCNE, Paredes 62 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ780391, source: Lücking et al. (2016), González et al. (2019); Paredes, T. 62 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Telma Paredes 62 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
source: Dal-Forno et al. (2013), González et al. (2017b)
Holotype HA, Nugra 818 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ780400, source: Lücking et al. (2016)
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Yánez-Ayabaca 1547 [CDS 45041] | molecular data, source: Lücking et al. (2016); Bungartz, F. 5594 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1547 [CDS]
source: Lücking et al. (2013), González et al. (2019)
Holotype HA, Nugra 862 | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ780399, source: Lücking et al. (2016)
source: Lücking et al. (2016)
[Cryptomyces peltigerae Fuckel, Peziza fuckelii (Rehm) Sacc., Phragmonaevia fuckelii Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera sp., Sticta fuliginosa, and Sticta sp., uncertain report (Corticifraga cf. fuckelii); according to Etayo (2017) the species occurs in Colombia and the taxon in Ecuador might be the same (but no spores found), source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20054 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17319 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 23469 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20085 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Belonidium peltigerae (Fuckel) I.M. Lamb, Celidium peltigerae (Nyl.) P. Karst., Diplonaevia peltigerae (Nyl.) Sacc., Leciographa peltigerae (Nyl.) Mussat nom. inval., Melaspilea peltigerae Nyl., Peziza peltigerae Fuckel, Phragmonaevia peltigerae (Nyl.) Rehm]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera cf. praetextata & Peltigera rufescens, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25584 [hb. Etayo]
[Buellia americana (Fée) Zahlbr., Buellia americana var. americana (Fée) Zahlbr., Buellia modesta (Krempelh.) Müll.Arg., Buellia modesta var. modesta (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Buellia modestula Zahlbr., Lecidea modesta Kremp. nom. illegit., Lecidea parasema var. americana Fée]
preliminary identification, F. Bungartz: material needs verification, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986); Bungartz, F. 9976 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63020 [CDS]
[Buellia amphorea Eckfeldt]
source: Marbach (2000); K. Kalb 19418 [WIS], K. Kalb 19422 [WIS]
[Buellia lauri-cassiae (Fée) Müll.Arg., Buellia lauri-cassiae f. lauri-cassiae (Fée) Müll.Arg., Cratiria lauricassiae (Fée) Marbach, Diplotomma lauri-cassiae (Fée) Szatala, Diplotomma lauri-cassiae var. lauri-cassiae (Fée) Szatala, Lecidea lauri-cassiae Fée, Mannia lauri-cassiae (Fée) Trevis.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986)
Holotype WIS, Kalb & Kalb 19473, source: Marbach (2000); K. Kalb 19473 [WIS]
[Lecanactis flava Vain.]
source: Aptroot & Sparrius (2008), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Aptroot, A. 65383 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5089 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63030 [CDS], Benítez, A. 13 [HUTPL]
[Bombyliospora dolichospora var. obscurata Räsänen, Lecanactis leprieurii (Mont.) Tuck., Lecanactis leprieurii f. brachyspora Malme, Lecanactis leprieurii f. leprieurii (Mont.) Tuck., Lecidea leprieurii Mont.]
source: Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Déleg et al. (2021); Benítez, A. 157 [HUTPL]
[Lecanactis proximata (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Lecidea proximata Nyl.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Pseudocyphellaria arvidssonii D.J. Galloway]
parasitized by Lichenopeltella thalamica & Tremella lobariacearum, Holotype GB, Arvidsson, L.; Lindqvist, M.; Lindström, M. 6700, source: Etayo (2017), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske (2005), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Galloway & Arvidsson (1990); Arvidsson, L.... 6700 [GB], Etayo, J. 19928 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26332 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26411 [hb. Etayo]
[Lichen auratus (Ach.) Sm., Lobaria aurata (Ach.) Kuntze, Nephroma aurata (Ach.) Pers., Parmelia aurata (Ach.) Eschw., Parmosticta aurata (Ach.) Nyl., Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain., Sticta aurata Mont., Sticta aurata var. abortiva Schaer., Sticta aurata var. angustata Mont., Sticta aurata var. aurata Ach., Sticta aurata var. isidiascens Zahlbr., Sticta aurata var. microphylla Müll.Arg., Sticta aurata var. pallens Nyl., Sticta aurata var. pallidoglaucescens C. Knight]
parasitized by Lichenopeltella thalamica, Pseudospiropes costaricensis, and Arthonia pelvetii, source: Hooker (1847), Leighton (1866), Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879), Farlow (1902), Dodge (1936), Andersson (1855), Weber (1966, 1986), Galloway & Arvidsson (1990), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Davey (1999), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2005, 2007), Benítez et al. (2012), Etayo (2017), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); L. B. Holm-Nielsen... 3151 [US], Bungartz, F. 4119 [CDS], Truong, C. 1495 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7115 [CDS], more...
[Chiodecton sterile Müll.Arg., Herpothallon albidum (Fée) Aptroot, Lücking & G. Thor, Hypochnus albidus Fée]
[Chiodecton mycelioides Vain., Herpothallon mycelioides (Vain.) Aptroot, Lücking & G. Thor]
[Bacidia bryophaga (Körb.) Branth & Rostr., Bryophagus gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold, Cryptodiscus gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold) Baloch, Gilenstam & Wedin, Gloeolecta bryophaga (Körb. ex Arnold) Vězda, Gyalecta bryophaga (Körb.) Hellb., Gyalecta gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold) Zahlbr., Lecidea gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold) Zwackh, Secoliga bryophaga Körb., Secoliga gloeocapsa (Nitschke ex Arnold) Erichsen]
[Gyalecta geoicoides Vain., Pachyphiale geoicoides (Vain.) Vězda]
source: Nöske et al. (2007); K. Kalb 18458 [WIS], Z. Palice 3758 dupl. [BG]
[Arthonia effusa (Müll. Arg.) Willey, Arthothelium effusum (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg., Phlyctis effusa Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008),Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); W.A. Weber, J. Lanier 503 [UBC], Benítez, A. 160 [HUTPL]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 161 [HUTPL]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Aptroot 64075 [CDS 30636], source: Bungartz et al. (2013b); Aptroot, A. 64600 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64075 [CDS], Herrera-Campos, M.A. GAL-487 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64081 [CDS]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 162 [HUTPL]
source: Bungartz et al. (2013b), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Nugra, F. 304 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11553 [CDS], Spielmann, A.A. 10699 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8780 [CDS], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema reticulatum & Hypotrachyna sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25534 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25438 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25515 [hb. Etayo]
[Dictyonema galapagoense Yánez, Dal-Forno & Bungartz]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 8517 (CDS 41163), source: Dal-Forno et al. (2017), Yánez-Ayabaca et al. (2012); Bungartz, F. 8517 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1545 [CDS]
[Dictyonema phyllogenum f. nitidum Lücking]
Holotype QCNE, Lücking, May 1996, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. s.n. [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Dichonema phyllogenum Müll. Arg., Dictyonema phyllogenum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Dictyonema phyllogenum f. defectum Lücking, Dictyonema phyllogenum f. phyllogenum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Rhipidonema phyllogenum (Müll. Arg.) Vain.]
source: Lücking (1999), Nöske et al. (2007); Klara Scharnagl 1886 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 2247 [MSC]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 9475 [CDS 46556], source: Dal-Forno et al. (2017); Bungartz, F. 9475 [CDS]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna, source: Diederich et al. (2022)
[Cystobasidium usneicola Diederich & Ahti]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea, source: Diederich et al. (2022)
[Pleospora leptogiicola D. Hawksw.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Sticta weigelii, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20103 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema reticulatum, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25373 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 25373 [QCAM]
[Pleospora rufescentis Vouaux]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera soredians & Peltigera sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 27021 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26307 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 19919 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 26309 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Buellia parasitica (Flörke) Th. Fr., Lecidea parasitica Flörke, Leciographa inspersa (Tul.) Rehm, Leciographa inspersa var. convexa (Fr.) Keissl., Leciographa inspersa var. inspersa (Tul.) Rehm, Sclerophyton occidentale Herre]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pertusaria sp., Pertusaria culbersonii, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); host not indicated, source: Hafellner (1985a), Etayo (2017)
[Acolium saxatile (Schaer.) A. Massal., Buellia saxatilis (Schaer.) Körb., Buellia saxatilis f. saxatilis (Schaer.) Körb., Calicium saxatile Schaer., Karschia saxatilis (Schaer.) Rehm, Karschia saxatilis f. epiconcolor (Bagl. & Carestia) Kreisel, Karschia saxatilis f. leptolepis (Bagl. & Carestia) Kreisel, Karschia saxatilis f. saxatilis (Schaer.) Rehm, Lecidea saxatilis (Schaer.) Hepp, Trachylia saxatilis (Schaer.) Fr.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Pertusaria, source: Etayo (2017)
[Coccocarpia gayana (Mont.) Nyl., Coccocarpia gayana var. gayana (Mont.) Nyl., Coccocarpia gayana var. subdivisa Zahlbr., Coccocarpia gayana var. suvdivisa Zahlbr., Pannaria gayana (Mont.) A. Massal., Parmelia gayana Mont., Parmeliella gayana (Mont.) Müll.Arg., Trachyderma gayanum (Mont.) Trevis.]
source: Leighton (1866), Cevallos (2012)
[Baeomyces arcuatus Stirt., Baeomyces fungoides (Swartz) Ach., Baeomyces fungoides var. fungoides (Sw.) Ach., Baeomyces ramalinellus Nyl., Baeomyces roseus f. fungoides (Sw.) Tuck., Baeomyces roseus var. fungoides (Sw.) Tuck., Dibaeis fungoides (Sw.) Kalb & Gierl, Lichen fungoides Sw., Tubercularia fungoides (Sw.) Kuntze]
[Baeomyces holstii Müll.Arg.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007)
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 63200 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65572 [CDS]
Holotype WIS, Lich. Neotr. 406, source: Gierl & Kalb (1993); K. Kalb 18862 [WIS], Kalb, K. s.n. [CANB]
[Porina phaea (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Strigula diederichiana Etayo, Cl. Roux & Sérus., Strigula phaea (Ach.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria phaea Ach.]
[Leiophloea viridiseda (Nyl.) Trevis., Porina viridiseda (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Strigula viridiseda (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, Verrucaria viridiseda Nyl., Verrucaria viridiseda f. viridiseda Nyl.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007); Bungartz, F. 6277 [CDS], Truong, C. 1266 [CDS]
[Chiodecton boschianum Mont., Chiodecton hamatum Nyl., Chiodecton hamatum var. hamatum Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 164 [HUTPL]
[Opegrapha arabica (Müll. Arg.) Vain.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Dictyonema sericeum f. caespitosa (Johow) P. Metzner, Laudatea caespitosa Johow]
source: González et al. (2019)
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Dal-Forno 1209 [CDS 44733], source: Dal-Forno et al. (2017); Bungartz, F. 5592 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 64519 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 2062 [CDS], Dal-Forno, M. 1177 [CDS], more...
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 26255, source: Dal-Forno et al. (2013), Lücking et al. (2013); Lücking, R. 26255 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Cora aeruginosa (Nees) Sacc., Cora neesiana Lév., Cora sericea (Sw.) Fr., Dematium thelephora Spreng., Dichaena sericeum (Sw.) Overeem, Dichonema aeruginosum Blume & T. Nees, Dichonema diducens Nyl., Dichonema sericeum (Sw.) Mont., Dictyonema aeruginosum (Blume & T. Nees) Berk., Dictyonema excentricum C. Agardh, Dictyonema schenckianum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Dictyonema sericeum (Sw.) Berk., Dictyonema sericeum f. laminosum Har., Dictyonema sericeum f. membranaceum P. Metzner, Dictyonema sericeum f. schenckianum (Müll. Arg.) Parmasto, Dictyonema sericeum f. sericeum (Sw.) Berk., Dictyonema sericeum f. thelephora (Spreng.) Parmasto, Dictyonema sericeum f. typica P. Metzner nom. inval., Dictyonema sericeum var. aeruginosum (Blume & T. Nees) Vain., Dictyonema sericeum var. sericeum (Sw.) Berk., Hydnum sericeum Sw., Laudatea schenckiana Müll. Arg., Hedwigia 30(4): 234 (1891), Rhipidonema excentricum (C. Agardh) Sacc., Rhipidonema schenckianum (Müll. Arg.) Tomas., Rhipidonema sericeum (Sw.) Mattir., Rhipidonema thelephora (Spreng.) Tomas., Thelephora sericea (Sw.) Sw., Thelephora sericea var. sericea Schrad.]
source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007); Klara Scharnagl 2159 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 1959 [MSC], Erik Asplund L301 [UPS], J. L. Luteyn... 8593 [US], more...
[Arthopyrenia latitans (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Didymella latitans (Nyl.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Obryzum latitans Nyl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heppia adglutinata, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leptogium andinum, and Leptogium mandonii, Holotype QCA, Etayo 25440, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25572 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 17342 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25440 [hb. Etayo]
[Phoma physciicola Keissl., Phyllosticta physciicola (Keissl.) Keissl.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia sp., Heterodermia leucomelos, & Heterodermia casarettiana, source: Etayo (2017; as Didymocyrtis epiphyscia s.l.); Etayo, J. 25368 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20028 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25692 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25507 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Didymosphaerella infestans (Speg.) Cooke, Didymosphaeria infestans Speg., Discothecium infestans (Speg.) Vouaux, Endococcus infestans (Speg.) Speg., Microthelia infestans (Speg.) Kuntze, Polycoccum infestans (Speg.) Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Teloschistes flavicans, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25904 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25513 [hb. Etayo]
[Phoma melanelixiae Brackel]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Punctelia rudecta, source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 20035 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20035 [QCAM]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Parmotrema sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 25560, source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25560 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25560 [QCAM]
[Diederichomyces ficuzzae (Brackel) Crous & Trakun., Heptameria ramalinae (Roberge ex Desm.) Cooke, Leptosphaeria ramalinae (Roberge ex Desm.) Sacc., Phaeospora ramalinae (Desm.) Vouaux, Phoma ficuzzae Brackel, Sphaeria ramalinae Roberge ex Desm.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Ramalina sp., source: Etayo (2017), van den Boom et al. (2022); Etayo, J. 20027 [hb. Etayo]
[Chiodecton antillarum Vain., Herpothallon antillarum (Vainio) Aptroot, Lücking & G. Thor]
[Arthonia confluens Fée, Graphina confluens (Fée) Müll.Arg., Graphis confluens (Fée) Fée, Hemithecium confluens (Fée) Trevis., Lecanactis confluens Mont., Lecanactis confluens var. confluens Mont., Phaeographina confluens (Fée) Müll. Arg., Solenographa confluens (Mont.) A. Massal.]
[Graphina epiglauca Müll.Arg.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), van den Boom et al. (2022), Kalb et al. (2004); K. Kalb 41054 [NY], K. Kalb 18676 [WIS], A. Aptroot s.n. [WIS], Culberson, William, L.... 20446 [DUKE]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Graphina monophora (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis monophora Nyl.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Ectographis poitaei (Fée) Trevis., Glaucinaria poitaei (Fée) A. Massal., Graphina melaleuca Müll.Arg., Graphina obtectula Müll.Arg., Graphina palmeri Zahlbr., Graphina poitaei (Fée) Müll.Arg., Graphina triangularis Zahlbr., Graphina virginea (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Graphis collosporella Vain., Graphis homographa Nyl., Graphis poitaei Fée, Graphis virginea Nyl., Leiogramma virgineum Eschw., Opegrapha poitaei (Fée) Bél.]
[Cyclographina platyleuca (Nyl.) D.D. Awasthi & M. Joshi, Cyclographina pruinosa (Eschw.) D.D. Awasthi, Graphina platyleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Graphis platyleuca Nyl. 1868, Graphis pruinosa (Eschw.) Nyl., Helminthocarpon platyleucum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Helminthocarpon pruinosum (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Leiogramma pruinosum Eschw., Platygrapha albovestita C. Knight, Schismatomma albovestitum (C. Knight) Zahlbr.]
source: Kalb et al. (2004)
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 9761 [CDS 47078], source: Bungartz et al. (2016); Bungartz, F. 9761 [CDS]
endemic to Galapagos, Holotype: Bungartz 7597 [CDS 38093], source: Bungartz et al. (2016); Bungartz, F. 7749 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7597 [CDS]
[Acrorixis actinostoma (Ach.) Trevis., Aspicilia aperta (Schaer.) Motyka nom. inval., Diploschistes actinostomus f. apertus (Schaer.) Zahlbr., Lagerheimina actinostoma (Ach.) Kuntze, Lecanora actinostoma (Ach.) Nyl., Limboria actinostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Limboria actinostoma var. actinostoma (Ach.) A. Massal., Urceolaria actinostoma Pers., Urceolaria scruposa var. actinostoma (Ach.) Grognot, Verrucaria actinostoma Ach.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Ertz, D. 11948 [CDS]
[Diploschistes scruposus var. cinereocaesius (Sw.) Müll. Arg., Lagerheimina cinereocaesia (Sw.) Kuntze, Lichen cinereocaesius Sw., Urceolaria cinereocaesia (Sw.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. cinereocaesia (Sw.) Müll. Arg.]
source: Sklenář et al. (2010), González et al. (2017b); R. C. Harris 17789 [NY], W. C. Steere E-14 [NY], R. C. Harris 17647 [NY], J. L. Luteyn 8894 [NY], more...
[Diploschistes albissimus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Urceolaria albissima (Ach.) Arnold, Urceolaria diacapsis Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. diacapsis (Ach.) Nyl.]
[Limboria euganea A. Massal., Urceolaria euganea (A. Massal.) Jatta]
source: González et al. (2017b, 2019)
[Diploschistes bryophilus (Ehrh.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus f. bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus f. iridatus (A. Massal.) Lettau, Diploschistes bryophilus f. pachylepis Lettau, Diploschistes bryophilus f. parasitica (Sommerf.) Servít, Diploschistes bryophilus var. bryophilus (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Zahlbr., Diploschistes bryophilus var. klementianus Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. praematricus Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. rossica Gyeln., Diploschistes bryophilus var. rossicus Gyeln., Diploschistes lichenicola (Mont.) Vain., Diploschistes muscorum subsp. muscorum, Diploschistes scruposus f. bryophilus (Ehrh.) Oxner, Diploschistes scruposus subsp. muscorum (Scop.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Diploschistes scruposus var. bryophilus (Ach.) Müll.Arg., Diploschistes scruposus var. parasiticus (Sommerf.) Zahlbr., Gyalecta bryophila (Ehrh.) Ach., Lecanora scruposa var. parasitica Sommerf., Lichen bryophilus Ehrh., Lichen muscorum Scop., Mellitiosporium lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc., Patellaria muscorum (Scop.) Hoffm., Stictis lichenicola Mont. & Fr., Urceolaria bryophila (Ehrh.) Funck, Urceolaria lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) A. Rich.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Cladonia sp.; parasitized by Karschia talcophila, source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske et al. (2007), Etayo (2017); L. Arvidsson 5481 [F], Arvidsson... 5652 [GB], Arvidsson... 5481 [GB], Arvidsson... 6114 [GB], more...
[Urceolaria rampoddensis Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 4097 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8189 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63187 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3984 [CDS], more...
[Diploschistes scruposa (Schreb.) Norman, Lagerheimina scruposa (Schreb.) Kuntze, Lecanora scruposa (Schreb.) Nyl., Lecanora scruposa f. geographica Flagey, Lecanora scruposa f. scruposa (Schreb.) Nyl., Lecanora scruposa var. gypsacea (Ach.) Sommerf., Lecanora scruposa var. scruposa (Schreb.) Nyl., Lichen scruposus Schreb., Lichen scuposus Schreb., Parmelia scruposa (Schreb.) Hepp, Patellaria scruposa (Schreb.) Hoffm., Psora scruposa (Schreb.) Hampe, Urceolaria scruposa (Schreb.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa f. bryophila Ehrh., Urceolaria scruposa f. corticola Harm., Urceolaria scruposa f. granulosa Harm., Urceolaria scruposa f. isidioidea Schaer., Urceolaria scruposa f. leprosa Flot., Urceolaria scruposa f. minor Kremp., Urceolaria scruposa f. muscicola Anzi, Urceolaria scruposa f. ochracea Anzi, Urceolaria scruposa f. scruposa (Schreb.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa f. subscruposa Nyl., Urceolaria scruposa var. albissima Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. arenaria Schaer., Urceolaria scruposa var. bryophila (Ehrh.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. cretacea Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. iridata A. Massal., Urceolaria scruposa var. minor (Kremp.) Müll. Arg., Urceolaria scruposa var. parasitica Sommerf., Urceolaria scruposa var. plumbea Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. punctata H. Olivier, Urceolaria scruposa var. scruposa (Schreb.) Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. virella Clemente, Urceolaria scruposa var. vulgaris Schaer., Urceolariomyces scruposae Cif. & Tomas., Verrucaria scruposa (Schreb.) Hoffm.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Urceolaria argillosa (Ach.) Röhl., Urceolaria scruposa f. argillosa Ach., Urceolaria scruposa var. argillosa Ach.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907)
[Dirina approximata subsp. approximata Zahlbr., Dirina herrei Zahlbr., Dirina paradoxa subsp. approximata (Zahlbr.) Tehler]
endemic to Galapagos, Tehler et al. (2013) include both sorediate and fertile specimens in Dirina approximata and they consider D. herrei a synonym; Type of D. approximata: Ecuador. Galápagos: Isla Seymour (South Seymour Island), 1929, Albert W.C.T. Herre s. n. [W—lectotype selected by Tehler 1983); B, BM, G, GBG, H, KASSEL, L, LD, M, NY, S-L6, UC, UPS—isolectotypes; no type material in COLO]; type of D. herrei: Ecuador. Galápagos: Isla Santa Maria (Charles Isl.) Post Office Bay, 1929, Albert W.C.T. Herre s. n. [LD—lectotype selected by Tehler (1983); UPS—isolectotype and distributed as Zahlbr. Lich Rar. Exs. n. 269 in B, W; no type material in COLO]; F. Bungartz: no original material of D. approximata and/or D. herrei could be located in COLO; specimens collected Weber have been annotated as D. approximata or they were misidentifications of other species, e.g., Syncesia psaroleuca], source: Zahlbruckner (1931; protologues for Dirina approximata and Dirina herrei), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1966, 1986), Aptroot & Sparrius (2008), Tehler et al. (2013); Bungartz, F. 5309 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9768 [CDS], Segura, D. s.n [CDS], Tehler, A. 8716 [CDS], more...
native, questionably endem., Holotype: S [F210836]; Tehler et al. (2013) described Dirina pacifica based on a type from Hawaii, but they also cite specimens from Galapagos and discuss this rather unusually disjunct distribution, pointing out that the Galapagos material is phylogenetically distinct, forming a sister node to specimens analyzed from Hawaii, which might suggest that Galapagos specimens may be a different, although cryptic sister species, source: Weber (1986; reported among/not distinguished from records of D. approximata), Aptroot & Sparrius (2008; as Dirina catalinariae), Tehler et al. (2013); Tehler, A. 8778 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6088 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3739 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 3849 [CDS], more...
[Dirinaria aegialita var. aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J. Moore, Dirinaria aegiliata (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J. Moore, Hagenia aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Bagl., Lecanora aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach., Parmelia aegialita Afzel. ex Ach., Physcia aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Physcia aegialita f. aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Physcia aegialita f. coccinea Lynge, Physcia aegialita var. aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) Nyl., Physcia aegialita var. obliterata B. de Lesd., Physcia aegialita var. saxicola Räsänen, Physcia aspera var. alutacea H. Magn., Physcia aspera var. aspera H. Magn.]
source: Dodge (1936), Weber (1966), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019; as Dirinaria aff. aegialita and Dirinaria aegialita)); Aptroot, A. 64020 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63935 [CDS], Hillmann, G. GAL-80 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10551 [CDS], more...
[Anaptychia applanata (Fée) A. Massal., Dirinaria consimilis var. ochracea D.D. Awasthi, Lecanora flavostraminea (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Parmelia applanata Fée, Parmelia redacta Stirt., Physcia applanata (Fée) Zahlbr., Physcia flavostramineum Müll.Arg., Placodium flavostramineum Müll.Arg.]
source: Weber (1986), Benítez (2016), Benítez (2019); Jaramillo, P. 3000 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5128 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9162 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6278 [CDS], more...
[Physcia caesiopicta Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 8187 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10216 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5197 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9243 [CDS], more...
[Dimelaena confluens (Fr.) Trevis., Dirinaria confluens var. confluens (Fr.) D.D. Awasthi, Parmelia confluens Fr., Physcia confluens (Fr.) Nyl.]
source: Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019; as Dirinaria aff. confluens and Dirinaria confluens), van den Boom et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 18 [HUTPL]
[Physcia consimilis Stirt., Pyxine consimilis (Stirt.) Stirt.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 4083 [CDS]
[Crocynia leopoldii Stein]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, one specimen of Weber cited in Awashti (1975): South Plaza, Weber L-40110; Two specimens in COLO (L-40736, L-40762), coll. Itow, source: Awasthi (1975), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Weber (1986); Bungartz, F. 8919 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1606 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9708 B [CDS], Ertz, D. 12026 [CDS], more...
[Dimelaena picta (Sw.) Trevis., Hagenia picta (Sw.) Bagl., Lichen pictus Sw., Lobaria picta (Sw.) Raeusch., Parmelia picta (Sw.) Ach., Parmelia plumosa Taylor, Physcia picta (Sw.) Nyl., Physcia picta f. coccinea Müll.Arg., Physcia picta f. erythrocardia (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson, Physcia picta f. isidiophora Nyl., Physcia picta f. picta (Sw.) Nyl., Physcia picta var. coccinea Müll.Arg., Physcia picta var. endochroma H. Magn. & D.D. Awasthi, Physcia picta var. erythrocardia Tuck., Physcia picta var. flavicans Müll.Arg., Physcia picta var. picta (Sw.) Nyl., Physcia plumosa (Taylor) Nyl., Pyxine picta (Sw.) Tuck., Pyxine picta var. erythrocardia Tuck., Squamaria picta (Sw.) Ach.]
source: Elix & McCarthy (1998), LeDee (2000), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez (2016), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Benítez et al. (2019), van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 4070 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9327 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63288 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9728 A [CDS], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Diorygma, source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Parmelia coralloidea var. longissima (Ach.) Spreng., Parmelia longissima (Ach.) Spreng., Usnea barbata var. longissima (Ach.) Schaer., Usnea longissima Ach., Usnea longissima f. longissima Ach., Usnea longissima subsp. longissima Ach., Usnea longissima var. longissima Ach.]
problematic, no modern record; the species has often been erroneously been reported from the tropics; most likely misidentifications of U. mexicana, source: Müller (1879), Romeguère (1879)
[Usnea trichodeoides Motyka]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Graphis afzelii Ach., Graphis afzelii f. afzelii Ach., Graphis afzelii f. atroalba (Kremp.) Redinger, Graphis afzelii var. afzelii Ach., Graphis afzelii var. nivea (Fée) Vain.]
source: Weber (1986), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019); Hillmann, G. GAL-128 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9634 [CDS]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 65032 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10019 [CDS]
[Aptrootidea atrofusca (R. Sant.) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022); R. Lücking 96-1090 [WIS], R. Lücking 96-1090 [F]
[Aptrootidea atromuralis (Lücking) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-431, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-431 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Bacidia diffluens (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Patellaria diffluens Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-440, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-440 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Echinoplaca furcata subsp. furcata Sérus., Sipmanidea furcata (Sérus.) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
[Sipmanidea neotropica (Lücking) XavierLeite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking (2008)
[Bezerroplaca fusconitida (Lücking) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
parasitized by Gyalideopsis cochlearifera, source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Etayo (2017); Robert Lücking 96-1125 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Robert Lücking 96-1181 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE], Robert Lücking 96-1123 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Sporopodium handelii Zahlbr.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Bezerroplaca lucernifera (Kalb & Vězda) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
[Aptrootidea marginata (Lücking) XavierLeite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008); Robert Lücking 96-1138 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Arthonia pellicula Müll.Arg., Arthonia pellicula f. pellicula Müll.Arg., Arthonia pellicula f. trichariosa Müll.Arg., Bacidia pellicula (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Patellaria pellicula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.]
[Echinoplaca verrucifera Lücking, Verruciplaca verrucifera (Lücking) XavierLeite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking (2008)
[Lobaria erosa (Eschw.) Trevisan, Lobaria quercizans f. erosa (Eschw.) Malme, Lobaria quercizans var. erosa (Eschw.) Vain., Parmelia erosa Eschw., Ricasolia dissecta subsp. erosa (Eschw.) Nyl., Ricasolia erosa (Eschw.) Nyl., Sticta erosa (Eschw.) Tuck.]
source: Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 271 [HUTPL]
[Lobaria ornata Malme]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, previous Galapagos reports of Lobaria patinifera or L. dissecta according to Simon et al. (2020) refer to Emmanuelia ornata, source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Simon et al. (2020); Moncada, B. 8489 A [CDS], Bungartz, F. 10972 [CDS], Moncada, B. 8489 B [CDS], Moncada, B. 8492 [CDS], more...
[Lobaria tenuis Vain.]
parasitized by Dactylospora lobariella, source: Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2012, 2015), Benítez (2016), Etayo (2017); Benítez, A. 272 [HUTPL]
[Collema conglomeratum Hoffm., Collema conglomeratum var. conglomeratum Hoffm., Collema pycnocarpum Nyl., Gabura conglomerata (Hoffm.) Kuntze, Lethagrium conglomeratum (Hoffm.) Rabenh., Synechoblastus conglomeratus (Hoffm.) Körb., Synechoblastus cyrtaspis (Tuck.) Fink]
[Collema auriculatum var. ceranoides (Borrer) Nyl., Collema ceranoides Borrer, Collema crispum subsp. ceranoides (Borrer) Nyl. ex Cromb., Collema crispum var. cristatulum Nyl. ex Cromb., Collema pulposum (Bernh.) Ach., Collema pulposum f. compactum, Collema pulposum f. hydrocharum, Collema pulposum f. papulosum Schaer., Collema pulposum f. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach., Collema pulposum var. ceranoides (Borrer) Leight., Collema pulposum var. compactum (Ach.) Nyl., Collema pulposum var. confertum Harm., Collema pulposum var. corallinum A. Massal., Collema pulposum var. cristatum, Collema pulposum var. diffractoareolatum Schaer., Collema pulposum var. ligerinum Hy, Collema pulposum var. pulposulum (Nyl.) Cromb., Collema pulposum var. pulposum (Bernh.) Ach., Collema pulposum var. tenax (Sw.) Nyl., Collema pulposum var. uniseptatum Zahlbr., Collema pulposum var. vulgare Schaer., Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach., Collema tenax f. tenax (Sw.) Ach., Collema tenax var. ceranoides (Borrer) Degel., Collema tenax var. corallinum (A. Massal.) Degel., Collema tenax var. coronatum Körb., Collema tenax var. tenax (Sw.) Ach., Collema tenax var. vulgare (Schaer.) Degel., Eucollema ceranoides (Borrer) Horw., Eucollema ceranoides f. ceranoides (Borrer) Horw., Eucollema ceranoides f. cristatulum (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Horw., Leptogium palmatum f. corallinum (A. Massal.) Zahlbr.]
source: Castillo-Monroy et al. (2016)
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 64016 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11902 [CDS]
[Verrucaria pallidula Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 6527 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7054 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65157 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8455 [CDS], more...
[Verrucaria petrolepidea Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 65471 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4665 [CDS]
[Dermatocarpon pusillum (Hedw.) Anzi, Dermatocarpon pusillum var. pusillum (Hedw.) Anzi, Dermatocarpon sorediatum (Borrer) Arnold, Dermatocarpon trapeziforme (J. König) Trevis., Endocarpon hedwigii (Ach.) Ach. nom. illegit., Endocarpon pusillum var. pusillum Hedw., Endocarpon sorediatum (Borrer) Hook., Endocarpon trapeziforme (J. König) Flagey, Endopyrenium pusillum (Hedw.) Schwend., Endopyrenium pusillum var. pallidum Körb., Endopyrenium pusillum var. pusillum Körb., Endopyrenium trapeziforme (J. König) Stein, Leightonia pusilla (Hedw.) Garov., Lichen trapeziformis J. König, Placidium trapeziforme (J. König) Arnold, Verrucaria sorediata Borrer, Verrucaria trapeziformis (J. König) Schrad.]
[Endococcus alpestris D. Hawksw., Endococcus apiciicola (J. Steiner) R. Sant., Sorothelia apicicola J. Steiner]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sphacelata & Usnea sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25504 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 17268 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25753 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20073 [hb. Etayo], more...
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., & Oropogon sp., source: Etayo (2017); J. Etayo 25563 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20074 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp. and Anzia sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20098 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25711 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 20016 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25883 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Heterodermia lamelligera, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., source: Etayo (2017; as E. aff. franconica); Etayo, J. 20163 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25460 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25502 [hb. Etayo]
[Chiodecton compunctulum (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Stigmatidium compunctulum Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 22 [HUTPL]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Graphis sitiana, Holotype B, Sipman 52678a, source: Etayo (2017)
[Chiodecton leucolytum (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Enterographa praepallens (Nyl.) Redinger, Stigmatidium leucolytum Nyl., Stigmatidium praepallens Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 63270 [CDS]
[Chiodecton subgelatinosum (Stirt.) Müll. Arg., Platygrapha subgelatinosa Stirt.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 3829 [CDS]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Diplodina sandstedei Zopf]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Cladonia coccifera agg. & Cladonia sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19993 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25930 [hb. Etayo]
[Vorarlbergia medioincrassata Grummann]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Dictyonema sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 27021 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 26977 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 27043 [hb. Etayo]
[Hainesia atrolazulina Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Hypotrachyna sp., Holotype hb. Etayo, Etayo 15842, source: Etayo (2017)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Lobariella pallida, source: Flakus et al. (2019)
[Arthoniopsis calamicola (Syd. & P. Syd.) Szatala]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008); Robert Lücking 96-937 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Cetraria eriophylla (C. Knight) Zahlbr., Erioderma knightii Shirley, Erioderma leylandii subsp. azoricum P.M. Jørg. & P. James, Erioderma leylandii subsp. leylandii (Taylor) Müll. Arg., Erioderma leylandii subsp. velligerum (Tuck.) P.M. Jørg., Platysma eriophyllum C. Knight, Sticta leylandii Taylor]
Holotype GB, Andersson 277, source: Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2002), Nöske et al. (2007); Andersson, Lennart 277 [GB]
problematic, no modern record, source: Leighton (1866), Cevallos (2012)
[Lichen unguigerus Bory, Malmella unguigera (Bory) C.W. Dodge, Nephroma unguigera (Bory) Ach.]
problematic, no modern record, source: Leighton (1866)
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Mandl (2007), Jørgensen & Arvidsson (2002); K. Kalb 18629 [WIS], K. Kalb 18630 [WIS], Harling, G. 524 [GB], Lars Arvidsson... 2118 [GB], more...
[Illosporium aurantiacum Lasch, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum (Lasch) Diederich & Schultheis, Marchandiomyces aurantiacus (Lasch) Diederich & Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Physcia sp. & Heterodermia sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25512 [hb. Etayo], J. Etayo 25600 [hb. Etayo]
[Phaeosporobolus trypethelii Flakus & Kukwa]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on cf. Pertusaria and Graphis sitiana, source: Etayo (2017, 2020), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Biatora leucocheila (Tuck.) Tuck., Byssoloma leucocheilum (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Byssoloma wettsteinii (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr., Eugeniella wettsteinii (Zahlbr.) Lücking, Sérus. & Kalb, Lecidea leucocheila Tuck., Pilocarpon wettsteinii Zahlbr.]
[Byssoloma ortizii Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008); Bungartz, F. 7308 [CDS]
[Bacidia psychotriae (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Patellaria psychotriae Müll.Arg.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008); Lücking, R. 96-820 [QCAM]
[Bacidia bouteillei (Desm.) Hulting, Biatora bouteillei (Desm.) A. Massal., Biatorina bouteillei (Desm.) Bausch, Biatorina littorella (Nyl.) A.L. Sm., Bilimbia bouteillei (Desm.) Hulting, Catillaria bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr., Catillaria bouteillei f. abieticola (Nyl.) Vain., Catillaria bouteillei f. bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr., Catillaria bouteillei f. degenerans Vain., Catillaria bouteillei f. hohenbuehelii (Poetsch) Vain., Lecanora bouteillei (Desm.) Harm., Lecidea bouteillei (Desm.) Nyl., Lecidea littorella Nyl., Parmelia bouteillei Desm.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Bacidia fuscatula (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia fuscatula (Müll. Arg.) Szatala, Patellaria fuscatula Müll.Arg.]
[Bacidia lisowskii Vězda]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: Ferraro & Lücking (1999), Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Bacidia naevia Vain.]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 7079 B [CDS]
[Bacidia paradoxa Vězda]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Catillaria parvula Vězda]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 5007 B [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5008 C [CDS]
[Bacidia rhaphidophylli (Rehm) Zahlbr., Bilimbia rhaphidophylli Rehm, Mycobilimbia rhaphidophylli (Rehm) Sacc.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008); Bungartz, F. 9385 D [CDS]
[Bacidia rubida (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Patellaria rubida Müll.Arg.]
[Catillaria semecarpi Vain.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), van den Boom et al. (2022); Robert Lücking 96-1002 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Yoshimuriella subdissecta, Sticta laciniata, & Sticta sp., Holotype QCA, Etayo 25417, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25462 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25417 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25406 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25421 [hb. Etayo], more...
[Bacidia sublecanorina (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia sublecanorina (Nyl.) Szatala, Platygrapha sublecanorina Nyl.]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Gyalideopsis hyalina Lücking]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
[Myriotrema halei (Tuck. & Mont.) Hale, Porina halei Tuck. & Mont., Thelotrema halei (Tuck. & Mont.) Zahlbr.]
source: Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 24 [HUTPL]
[Graphina columbina (Tuck.) M. Wirth & Hale, Graphina virginalis (Tuck.) Müll.Arg., Graphis columbina Tuck., Phaeographina columbina (Tuck.) Zahlbr.]
source: Staiger (2002); K. Kalb 18833 [WIS]
[Graphis comparilis Nyl., Graphis comparilis f. comparilis Nyl., Graphis comparilis var. comparilis Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, identification based on a single specimen (Aptroot 63929); identification confirmed by R. Lücking, previously as F. aff. comparilis (see Bungartz et al 2009), source: Bungartz et al. (2009); Aptroot, A. 63929 [CDS]
[Graphis dumastii (Fée) Spreng.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Graphis dumastioides Fink]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Bungartz et al. (2009); Nugra, F. 256 [CDS]
[Graphis egena Nyl., Graphis egena f. egena Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 26 [HUTPL]
[Graphina glaucoderma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Graphina glaucoderma var. glaucoderma (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Graphina incrustans (Fée) Müll. Arg., Graphis glaucoderma Nyl., Graphis incrustans (Fée) Nyl., Phaeographina glaucoderma (Nyl.) Redinger, Phaeographina glaucoderma var. adpressa Redinger, Phaeographina glaucoderma var. glaucoderma (Nyl.) Redinger]
source: Benítez et al. (2019); Benítez, A. 25 [HUTPL]
source: Staiger (2002)
[Graphina nitidescens (Nyl.) Riddle, Graphis nitidescens Nyl.]
source: Benítez et al. (2019; as Fissurina aff. nitidescens)
[Graphina tectigera (Eschw.) Müll.Arg., Graphis tectigera Eschw.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1803 [CDS]
[Graphis timida Vain.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 9261 [CDS]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 172 [HUTPL]
[Parmelia baltimorensis Gyeln. & Fóriss, Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyeln. & Fóriss) Hale]
[Flavoparmelia caperata f. caperata (L.) Hale, Flavoparmelia caperata f. sorediosa (Müll. Arg.) S.Y. Kondr., Flavoparmelia caperata var. caperata (L.) Hale, Imbricaria caperata (L.) DC., Lichen caperatus L., Lobaria caperata (L.) Hoffm., Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach., Parmelia caperata f. caperata (L.) Ach., Parmelia caperata f. saxicola Müll.Arg., Parmelia caperata f. sorediosa Müll.Arg., Parmelia caperata var. caperata (L.) Ach., Parmelia caperata var. sorediosa F. Wilson, Parmelia flavicans (Tuck.) Herre nom. illegit., Parmelia herreana Zahlbr., Parmelia negativa Gyeln., Parmelia perlata subsp. flavicans Tuck., Parmelia perlata var. flavicans Tuck., Parmotrema caperatum (L.) M. Choisy, Platisma caperatum (L.) Hoffm., Pseudoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale]
[Parmelia caperata var. soredians (Nyl.) Hillmann, Parmelia conspersa var. soredians (Nyl.) Boistel, Parmelia soredians Nyl., Parmelia soredians f. soredians Nyl., Pseudoparmelia soredians (Nyl.) Hale]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Blastenia citrina (Hoffm.) B. de Lesd., Callopisma citrinum (Hoffm.) A. Massal., Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca citrina f. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca citrina var. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca citrinella (Hoffm.) Hepp, Caloplaca incrustans var. citrina (Hoffm.) B. de Lesd., Lecanora citrina (Hoffm.) Ach., Lecidea citrina (Hoffm.) D. Dietr., Lichen citrinus (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia citrina (Hoffm.) Ach., Parmelia citrina var. citrina (Hoffm.) Ach., Placodium citrinum (Hoffm.) Hepp, Placodium citrinum f. citrinum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Placodium citrinum var. citrinum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Placodium citrinum var. vulcanica Räsänen, Pyrenodesmia citrina (Hoffm.) Trevis., Verrucaria citrina Hoffm.]
[Parmelia andreana Müll. Arg., Parmelia andreana f. andreana Müll. Arg., Parmelia andreana var. andreana Müll. Arg., Parmelia andreana var. isidiata Beschel, Parmelia flaventior Stirt., Parmelia flaventior var. flaventior Stirt., Parmelia flaventior var. isidiata (Beschel) Grummann, Parmelia kernstockii Lynge & Zahlbr., Punctelia flaventior (Stirt.) Krog]
[Sclerophyton murex Egea & Torrente ex Sparrius]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Aptroot & Sparrius (2008); Ertz, D. 11682 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5340 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5037 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9233 [CDS], more...
[Chiodecton subseriale Nyl., Enterographa subserialis (Nyl.) Redinger, Stigmatidium subseriale (Nyl.) Nyl.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous, source: Aptroot & Sparrius (2008); Tehler, A. 8633 [CDS], Ertz, D. 11501 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65011 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9918 [CDS], more...
[Pannaria leucosticta Tuck., Pannaria leucosticta var. isidiopsis Nyl., Pannaria leucosticta var. leucosticta Tuck., Pannularia leucosticta (Tuck.) Stizenb.]
source: Jørgensen & Sipman (2007), Nöske et al. (2007)
[Lecidea carnosa var. lepidiota Sommerf., Pannaria lepidiota (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pannaria lepidiota f. lepidiota (Sommerf.) Th. Fr., Pannaria lepidiota f. primaria Vain., Pannaria lepidiota f. sorediosa Vain., Pannaria lepidiota var. corallophora Tuck., Pannaria praetermissa Nyl., Pannularia lepidiota (Sommerf.) Stizenb., Parmeliella lepidiota (Sommerf.) Vain., Parmeliella lepidiota f. lepidiota (Sommerf.) Vain., Parmeliella lepidiota f. neotristis Gyeln., Parmeliella lepidiota f. praetermissa (Nyl.) Gyeln., Parmeliella lepidiota f. primaria (Vain.) Gyeln., Parmeliella lepidiota f. sorediosa (Vain.) Gyeln., Parmeliella praetermissa (Nyl.) P. James, Trachyderma praetermissum (Nyl.) Trevis.]
source: Jørgensen & Palice (2010)
[Myriotrema glaucophaenum (Kremp.) Hale, Ocellularia glaucophaena (Kremp.) Zahlbr. 1923, Thelotrema glaucophaenum Kremp.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Gliocladium pulchellum Penz. & Sacc.]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Peltigera polydactyla, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25793 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25770 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Normandina sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20167 [hb. Etayo]
[Glyphis achariana Tuck., Glyphis confluens Zenker, Glyphis favulosa Ach.]
source: Weber (1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), Staiger (2002), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Bungartz et al. (2009), Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Benítez (2016), van den Boom et al. (2022); K. Kalb 18564 [WIS], K. Kalb 18503 [WIS], K. Kalb 18166 [WIS], K. Kalb 18511 [WIS], more...
[Graphina cupulicarpa Redinger, Gymnotrema atratum (Fée) Nyl., Gyrostomum scyphuliferum (Ach.) Nyl., Gyrostomum scyphuliferum var. macrosporum B. de Lesd., Gyrostomum scyphuliferum var. scyphuliferum (Ach.) Nyl., Lecanactis obfirmata Nyl., Lecidea scyphulifera Ach., Phaeographina obfirmata (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Thelotrema atratum Fée]
source: Bungartz et al. (2009), Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 9934 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63447 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 6484 [CDS], Benítez, A. 176 [HUTPL], more...
[Microstelium hyalinum Pat.]
parasitized by Nectriopsis melongenoidea, source: Nöske et al. (2007), Etayo (2017); R. C. Harris 17644 [NY], Aptroot, A. 64847 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 65555 [CDS]
[Opegrapha anfractuosa (Eschw.) Mont., Scaphis anfractuosa Eschw.]
source: Nöske et al. (2007), Bungartz et al. (2009), Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Bungartz, F. 6902 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7536 [CDS], Nugra, F. 348 [CDS], Nugra, F. 242 [CDS], more...
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Graphina antillarum (Vain.) Zahlbr.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Graphis subdisserpens f. arbusculiformis Vain.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Opegrapha aurita (Eschw.) Mont.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
source: Benítez et al. (2015; as Graphis aff. bettinae and Graphis bettinae), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 180 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 177 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 181 [HUTPL]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016)
source: Benítez et al. (2019; as Graphis aff. dendrogramma), van den Boom et al. (2022); Benítez, A. 31 [HUTPL]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Graphina dichotoma Müll.Arg.]
source: Bungartz et al. (2009), Benítez (2016); Bungartz, F. 8315 [CDS]
[Graphina disserpens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg., Graphina disserpens var. disserpens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 10251 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9516 [CDS]
[Graphis duplicata var. peruviana (Fée) Zahlbr., Graphis peruviana (Fée) Spreng., Opegrapha peruviana Fée]
source: Nöske et al. (2007)
[Aulacographa elegans Leight., Graphis elegans f. coacervata Leight., Graphis elegans f. parallela (Schaer.) Nyl., Graphis elegans f. simplicior Cromb. ex W. Johnson, Graphis elegans f. stellata Leight., Graphis petrina Nyl., Opegrapha elegans Borrer ex Sm., Opegrapha elegans var. elegans Borrer ex Sm., Opegrapha elegans var. parallela Schaer., Phaeographis ramificans (Nyl.) Lettau]
source: Staiger (2002), Nöske & Sipman (2004)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016)
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Graphis bulacana Vain.]
source: Bungartz et al. (2009), Déleg et. al (2021), van den Boom et al. (2022), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Aptroot, A. 64295 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8639 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 8224 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63337 [CDS], more...
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Dal-Forno, M. 1226 [CDS]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 10250 [CDS]
[Graphina insulana Müll.Arg.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Graphis rigidula Müll.Arg.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015, 2019), Benítez (2016); Bungartz, F. 10527 [CDS]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 187 [HUTPL]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Graphina muscicola Kalb]
Type Lichenes Neotropici #422 [Kalb, Lich. Neotrop. [Neumarkt]], source: Kalb (1988), Staiger (2002); Kalb, Klaus ; Kalb, A. 1987-09-10 [CMN], K. Kalb & A. Kalb 422 [UPS], K. Kalb, A. Kalb 1987-09-10 [O]
[Graphina myrtacea Müll.Arg.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 188 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 189 [HUTPL]
[Enterographa elongata (Zahlbr.) Redinger, Graphina elongata Zahlbr.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
source: Fernandez-Prado et al. (2021)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Spielmann, A.A. 10607 [CDS]
[Graphina platycarpa var. platycarpa (Eschw.) Zahlbr., Graphina platycarpa var. recta (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Graphina sophistica var. recta Müll.Arg.]
native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 8497 [CDS]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Graphina streblocarpa (Bél.) Müll. Arg., Graphis diplocheila Vain., Leiorreuma streblocarpum (Bél.) A. Massal., Opegrapha streblocarpa Bél., Phaeographina streblocarpa (Bél.) Overeem]
source: Benítez et al. (2015); Benítez, A. 198 [HUTPL]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007)
[Graphina subcontorta Müll.Arg.]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Benítez et al. (2019, as Graphis subcontorta and Graphis aff. subcontorta)); Benítez, A. 199 [HUTPL], Benítez, A. 33 [HUTPL]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Spielmann, A.A. 10671 A [CDS]
[Graphis lineola var. marginata (Meyen & Flot.) Zahlbr.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Rivas Plata, E. 4034 [CDS]
[Graphis scripta subsp. tenella (Ach.) Nyl., Graphis scripta var. tenella (Ach.) Tuck., Opegrapha comma var. tenella (Ach.) Mont., Opegrapha tenella (Ach.) Mont.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 9359 H [CDS]
Holotype: hb. Vězda, Culberson 20555, source: Vězda & Poelt (1990), Nöske et al. (2007); A. Palice 1999-08-26 [F], Palice, Z. s.n. [DUKE], A. Palice 1999-08-26 [UPS]
[Bacidia hyalinescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bilimbia hyalinescens (Nyl.) Boistel, Gyalecta hyalinescens (Nyl.) Vězda, Lecidea hyalinescens Nyl.]
Holotype WIS, Kalb & Kalb, 17 Aug. 1987, source: Kalb & Vězda (1991); K.A. Kalb 18101 [WIS]
Holotype Kalb 17088, source: Kalb and Vězda (1994); K. Kalb 17770 [WIS], Aptroot, A. 64660 [CDS]
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-439, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-439 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Adelphomyces cochlearifer (Lücking & Sérus.) XavierLeite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Calenia triseptata, Echinoplaca fusconitida, source: Lücking (1999)
Holotype Kalb 17748, source: Kalb and Vězda (1994); K. Kalb 17748 [WIS], Bungartz, F. 8268 [CDS]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: Lücking (2008), van den Boom et al. (2022)
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-1111, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-1111 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
source: Lücking (2008), van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008), Lücking & Matzer (2001), van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Lücking (1999, 2008)
parasitized by Dictyonema sp., Holotype Kalb 17087, source: Kalb and Vězda (1994), Etayo (2017); K. Kalb 17087 [WIS], Etayo, J. 26985 [hb. Etayo]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Usnea sp. with apothecia, Holotype QCA, Etayo 19974, source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 19974 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25921 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. & Palice, Z. 19974 [QCAM]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Bungartz, F. 7327 A [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63395 C [CDS], Bungartz, F. 9517 [CDS], Aptroot, A. 63395 D [CDS]
[Actinoplaca vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Vězda & Poelt, Gyalideopsis vulgaris f. vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Lopadium vulgare Müll.Arg., Strigula vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Lücking nom. inval., Tricharia vulgaris (Müll.Arg.) R. Sant., Vezdamyces vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) XavierLeite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
[Vezdamyces albopruinosus (Lücking) Xavier-Leite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
Holotype QCNE, Lücking 96-711, source: Lücking (2008); Lücking, R. 96-711 [INABIOEC-MECN-QCNE]
[Actinoplaca vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Vězda & Poelt, Gyalideopsis vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Lücking, Lopadium vulgare Müll.Arg., Strigula vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) Lücking nom. inval., Tricharia vulgaris (Müll.Arg.) R. Sant., Vezdamyces vulgaris (Müll. Arg.) XavierLeite, M. Cáceres & Lücking]
source: Lücking (2008)
problematic, no modern record; Ohimborazo: Über abgestorbenen Moosen, bei 4800 m Seehöhe [Nr. 372]., source: Zahlbruckner (1905, 1907)
[Callopisma aurantiacum var. subgilvum Müll.Arg., Caloplaca aurantiaca f. dealbata Th. Fr., Caloplaca aurantiaca f. fulva Zahlbr., Caloplaca aurantiaca var. diffracta Lojka, Caloplaca aurantiaca var. ecrustacea Erichsen, Caloplaca aurantiaca var. suberythrella (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Caloplaca aurantiaca var. subgilva (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., Caloplaca aurantiaca var. velana (A. Massal.) Flagey, Caloplaca flavorubescens (Hudson) J. R. Laundon, Caloplaca flavorubescens f. flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon, Caloplaca flavorubescens f. microthelia (Ach.) Verseghy, Caloplaca flavorubescens subsp. flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon, Caloplaca flavorubescens var. flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon, Lecanora aurantiaca var. microthelia (Ach.) Nyl., Lichen flavorubescens Huds., Parmelia microthelia Ach.]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022), van den Boom et al. (2022)
[Haematomma bubalinum R.W. Rogers, Haematomma puniceum var. africanum J. Steiner]
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 203 [HUTPL]
[Haematomma puniceum var. collatum (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Lecanora punicea var. collata Stirt.]
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 204 [HUTPL]
[Lecanora persoonii Fée]
source: Staiger & Kalb (1995); Bungartz, F. 6255 [CDS], Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1649 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7200 [CDS], Jonitz, H. 69 [CDS], more...
Holotype PRM, Palice 2571, source: Van den Boom (2009)
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Oropogon sp., source: Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 20019 [hb. Etayo]
[Julella avicenniae (Borse) K.D. Hyde, Pleospora avicenniae Borse]
+ = saprophytic fungi related to either lichens or lichenicolous fungi, on various substrates; so far reported only from the Galapagos, native, indigenous; Arboleda, F. 112 [CDS]
source: van den Boom et al. (2022)
source: Nöske & Sipman (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007)
[Lecanora adglutinata Kremp., Pannaria adglutinata (Kremp.) Nyl.]
source: Jørgensen and Palice (2015)
[Anema dodgei Herre, Solorina despreauxii Mont., Solorinaria despreauxii Mont.]
[Chiodecton aurantiacoflavum B. de Lesd.]
source: Déleg et. al (2021), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 1986 [MSC], Klara Scharnagl 2270 [MSC]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
source: Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016); Benítez, A. 206 [HUTPL]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Chiodecton philippinum Vain., Cryptothecia philippina (Vain.) G. Thor]
source: Fernández-Prado et al. (2022)
[Chiodecton sanguineum f. roseocincta (Fr.) Vain., Chiodecton sanguineum f. roseocinctum (Fr.) Vain., Herpothallon sanguineum f. roseocinctum (Fr.) Tomas., Hypochnus roseocinctus (Fr.) Sacc., Thelephora roseocincta Fr.]
[Chiodecton rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.) Nyl., Chiodecton sanguineum (Sw.) Vain., Chiodecton sanguineum f. sanguineum (Sw.) Vain., Chiodecton sanguineum var. lutescens Vain., Chiodecton sanguineum var. sanguineum (Sw.) Vain., Corticium rubrocinctum (Ehrenb.) Bres., Cryptothecia rubrocincta (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Thor, Herpothallon sanguineum (Sw.) Tobler, Herpothallon sanguineum f. sanguineum (Sw.) Tobler, Hypochnus rubrocinctus Ehrenb., Hypochnus sanguineus (Sw.) Kuntze, Thelephora sanguinea Sw.]
source: Müller (1879), Farlow (1902), Stewart (1912), Dodge (1935, 1936), Weber (1966, 1986), Elix & McCarthy (1998), LeDee (2000), Nöske & Sipman (2004), Paroly & Kürschner (2004), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Aptroot et al. (2009), Bungartz et al. (2013b), Benítez et al. (2015), Benítez (2016), Fernández-Prado et al. (2022); Klara Scharnagl 2236 [MSC], A. Johannsen 14-3a [WIS], A. Johannsen 10-3a and 3b [WIS], Alban N. Stewart 1906-01-03 [FH], more...
[Syzygospora physciacearum Diederich]
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens); on Leucodermia boryi and L. leucomelos, Heterodermia spp., and Physcia stellaris, source: Diederich (1996), Etayo (2017); Etayo, J. 25632 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 19965 [hb. Etayo], Etayo, J. 25501 [hb. Etayo]
[Acolium leucampyx (Tuck.) Tuck., Acolium leucampyx var. leucampyx (Tuck.) Tuck., Acolium leucampyx var. minor B. de Lesd., Cyphelium leucampyx (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Cyphelium leucampyx var. leucampyx (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Cyphelium leucampyx var. minor (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr., Trachylia leucampyx Tuck., Tylophoron triloculare Müll.Arg.]
so far only reported from the Galapagos, likely to also occur in mainland Ecuador, native, indigenous; Aptroot, A. 64864 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 4311 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 5733 [CDS], Nugra, F. 570 [CDS], more...
Holotype GB, Arvidsson & Nilsson 996, source: Moberg (2011); Arvidsson... 1200 [GB], Arvidsson, L.; Nilson, D. 996 [GB]
[Anaptychia barbifera (Nyl.) Trevis., Anaptychia barbifera var. barbifera (Nyl.) Trevis., Anaptychia barbifera var. podocarpoides Müll.Arg., Physcia barbifera Nyl., Physcia barbifera var. barbifera Nyl., Physcia barbifera var. podocarpiza Stizenb.]
parasitized by Capronia muellerelloides & Xenonectriella vertebrata, source: Etayo (2017), Nöske et al. (2007), Nöske (2005), Nöske & Sipman (2004); C. H. Dodson 2124 [WIS]
[Anaptychia comosa (Eschw.) Trevis., Anaptychia comosa var. comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal., Anaptychia comosa var. plana Sambo, Heterodermia comosa var. comosa (Eschw.) Follmann & Redón, Heterodermia comosa var. plana Sambo, Parmelia comosa Eschw., Physcia comosa Nyl.]
[Anaptychia diademata (Taylor) Kurok., Anaptychia diademata f. angustata (Räsänen) Kurok., Anaptychia diademata f. brachyloba (Müll. Arg.) Kurok., Anaptychia diademata f. condensata (Kurok.) Kurok., Anaptychia diademata f. diademata (Taylor) Kurok., Anaptychia major (Nyl.) Vain., Anaptychia speciosa var. major (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Heterodermia major (Nyl.) Trevis., Parmelia diademata Taylor, Physcia major Nyl., Physcia speciosa var. major (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.]
F. Bungartz: wrongly keyed in Martins (2007); the species is fertile and has no vegetative propagules, source: Martins (2007), Nöske (2005), Nöske et al. (2007), Benítez et al. (2015), Chuquimarca et al. (2019), Moberg (2011); Bungartz, F. 8159 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7695 [CDS], Nugra, F. 1010 [CDS], Bungartz, F. 7731 [CDS], more...
[Anaptychia echinata (Taylor) Kurok., Parmelia echinata Taylor]
[Anaptychia galactophylla (Tuck.) Trevis., Parmelia ciliaris var. galactophylla Tuck., Parmelia speciosa var. galactophylla (Tuck.) E. Michener, Physcia galactophylla (Tuck.) Nyl., Physcia latifolia var. galactophylla (Tuck.) Nyl., Physcia leucomelos var. galactophylla (Tuck.) Nyl., Physcia speciosa var. galactophylla (Tuck.) Tuck.]
[Anaptychia granulifera (Ach.) A. Massal., Parmelia granulifera Ach., Physcia granulifera (Ach.) Tuck., Physcia hypoleuca var. granulifera (Ach.) Hue, Squamaria granulifera (Ach.) A. Massal.]
source: Moberg (2011), Cevallos (2012); Arvidsson... 3135 [GB], Arvidsson... 4504 [GB]
[Anaptychia speciosa f. isidiophora (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Physcia speciosa f. isidiophora Nyl., Pseudocyphellaria argyracea f. isidiophora (Nyl.) H. Magn., Sticta argyracea f. isidiophora (Nyl.) Zahlbr.]